为什么我的 PostgreSQL 数组索引没有被使用(Rails 4)?

moh*_*ith 2 sql postgresql indexing ruby-on-rails query-performance

我有一个 PostgreSQL 字符串数组作为表中的一列。我使用 GIN 方法创建了一个索引。但任何查询都不会使用索引(相反,它们使用过滤器对整个表进行顺序扫描)。我缺少什么?

这是我的迁移:

class CreateDocuments < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    create_table :documents do |t|
      t.string :title
      t.string :tags, array: true, default: []
      t.timestamps
    end

    add_index :documents, :tags, using: 'gin'

    (1..100000).each do |i|
      tags = []
      tags << 'even' if (i % 2) == 0
      tags << 'odd' if (i % 2) == 1
      tags << 'divisible by 3' if (i % 3) == 0
      tags << 'divisible by 4' if (i % 4) == 0
      tags << 'divisible by 5' if (i % 5) == 0

      Document.create(
        title: i,
        tags: tags
      )
    end
  end

  def down
    drop_table :documents
  end
end
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

这是我的查询,以及结果行数。

Document.where("'divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)").explain
    Document Load (249.8ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    D, [2014-03-07T17:09:49.689709 #41937] DEBUG -- :   Document Load (249.8ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    => EXPLAIN for: SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents"  WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
                       QUERY PLAN
    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    Seq Scan on documents  (cost=0.00..3500.00 rows=20057 width=69)
      Filter: ('divisible by 5'::text = ANY ((tags)::text[]))
    (2 rows)

Document.where("'divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)").length
    Document Load (258.0ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    D, [2014-03-07T17:09:55.536517 #41937] DEBUG -- :   Document Load (258.0ms)  SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags))
    => 20000
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

Erw*_*ter 5

要使用 GIN 索引,请使用<@(“包含于”)运算符而不是ANY构造

手册中指出,默认 GIN 索引当前仅支持这些运算符(附加功能随扩展一起提供):

<@
@>
=
&&
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

所以尝试这个查询:

Document.where("'{divisible by 5}' <@ tags").explain
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

请注意,左侧array notation也需要位于 中,即使它是单个元素。该运算符<@适用于数组。因此'{divisible by 5}'