为归档而构建的静态库,不是链接的体系结构(x86_64)

Question

当我尝试编译两个不同的程序时,我遇到了似乎是同样的问题.他们每个人首先创建一个静态库,然后创建链接该库的主应用程序.我正在使用gcc 4.7.2在Mac OS Mavericks上工作.

计划1

这是我跑步时发生的事情make:

首先,库libfeat.a已创建,但我收到警告:

ar rc ../lib/libfeat.a imgfeatures.o utils.o sift.o kdtree.o minpq.o xform.o
ranlib  ../lib/libfeat.a
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: warning for library: ../lib/libfeat.a the table of contents is empty (no object file members in the library define global symbols)

然后,在编译应用程序时,它表示它不能使用该库,因为它不是为相同的体系结构(x86_64)构建的:

gcc -O3 -I../include `pkg-config --cflags opencv` `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` `pkg-config --cflags gsl` siftfeat.c -o ../bin/siftfeat -L../lib -lfeat `pkg-config --libs opencv` `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0` `pkg-config --libs gsl`
ld: warning: ignoring file ../lib/libfeat.a, file was built for archive which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64): ../lib/libfeat.a

如果我跑lipo,我得到这个:

$ lipo -info ../lib/libfeat.a 
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/lipo: archive with no architecture specification: ../lib/libfeat.a (can't determine architecture for it)

计划2

我遇到了同样的问题,不同的程序也是如此:先创建一个库,然后再使用它.

这是创建lib时的输出:

ar crv libsba.v1.5.a sba_levmar.o sba_levmar_wrap.o sba_lapack.o sba_crsm.o sba_chkjac.o
r - sba_levmar.o
r - sba_levmar_wrap.o
r - sba_lapack.o
r - sba_crsm.o
r - sba_chkjac.o
ranlib libsba.v1.5.a

这是应用程序:

c++ -o bundler -O3 -Wall -fpermissive  -I../lib/imagelib -I../lib/sfm-driver -I../lib/matrix -I../lib/5point -I../lib/sba-1.5 -I../lib/ann_1.1_char/include  -L../lib -L../lib/ann_1.1_char/lib \
    -D__NO_UI__ -D__BUNDLER__ -D__BUNDLER_DISTR__ BaseApp.o BundlerApp.o keys.o Register.o Epipolar.o Bundle.o BundleFast.o MatchTracks.o Camera.o Geometry.o ImageData.o SifterUtil.o BaseGeometry.o BundlerGeometry.o BoundingBox.o BundleAdd.o ComputeTracks.o BruteForceSearch.o BundleIO.o ProcessBundle.o BundleTwo.o Decompose.o RelativePose.o Distortion.o TwoFrameModel.o LoadJPEG.o -limage -lsfmdrv -lsba.v1.5 -lmatrix -lz -llapack -lblas -lcblas -lminpack -lm -l5point -ljpeg -lANN_char -lgfortran
ld: warning: ld: warning: ignoring file ../lib/libsba.v1.5.a, file was built for archive which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64)

在这种情况下,请lipo告诉我库的架构是x86_64:

$ lipo -info lib/libsba.v1.5.a 
input file lib/libsba.v1.5.a is not a fat file
Non-fat file: lib/libsba.v1.5.a is architecture: x86_64

这是怎么回事？

Answer 1

可能的原因是使用GNU ar(1)/ ranlib(1)而不是Xcode工具链提供的GNU/.跑步which -a ar,which -a ranlib看看你有什么$PATH.

例如:

$ which -a ranlib
/usr/local/bin/ranlib
/usr/bin/ranlib

$ /usr/local/bin/ranlib --version
GNU ranlib (GNU Binutils) 2.28.51.20170105
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.

$ /usr/bin/ralib --version
error: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: unknown option character `-' in: --version
Usage: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib [-sactfqLT] [-] archive [...]

同样的ar.如果你和我一样,都/usr/local/bin前述/usr/bin中$PATH,与GNU工具/usr/local/bin和Xcode的那些中/usr/bin,你可以解决它:

cd /usr/local/bin
mv ar gar
ln -s /usr/bin/ar ar
mv ranlib granlib
ln -s /usr/bin/ranlib ranlib

Answer 2

感谢this question有同样的问题，我可以调查这个问题。我对静态库没有太多经验，但我会尝试解释这个问题。

出于某种原因，Mac OSXar实用程序会在静态库中创建“子目录”。例如构建sba库，make从目标文件构建静态库的步骤是：

ar crv libsba.v1.5.a sba_levmar.o sba_levmar_wrap.o sba_lapack.o sba_crsm.o sba_chkjac.o

之后再看静态库的内容，发现除了文件之外，还有一些奇怪的目录：

$ ar -t libsba.v1.5.a 
__.SYMDEF
/
//
sba_levmar.o/
/0
sba_lapack.o/
sba_crsm.o/
sba_chkjac.o/
sba_levmar.o
sba_levmar_wrap.o
sba_lapack.o
sba_crsm.o
sba_chkjac.o
sba_levmar.o
sba_levmar_wrap.o
sba_lapack.o
sba_crsm.o
sba_chkjac.o

如果我们尝试提取这些文件，我们会得到一些关于子目录的错误：

$ ar -x libsba.v1.5.a 
ar: /: Is a directory
ar: //: Is a directory
ar: sba_levmar.o/: Not a directory
ar: /0: Permission denied
ar: sba_lapack.o/: Not a directory
ar: sba_crsm.o/: Not a directory
ar: sba_chkjac.o/: Not a directory

现在，如果我们使用提取的目标文件再次创建 lib，它将起作用：

$ ar crv libsba.v1.5.a lib_o/*.o
a - lib_o/sba_chkjac.o
a - lib_o/sba_crsm.o
a - lib_o/sba_lapack.o
a - lib_o/sba_levmar.o
a - lib_o/sba_levmar_wrap.o

$ ar -t libsba.v1.5.a
__.SYMDEF SORTED
sba_chkjac.o
sba_crsm.o
sba_lapack.o
sba_levmar.o
sba_levmar_wrap.o

我根本不明白原因，但它对我有用。

Answer 3

如果您已binutils安装，只需取消链接或卸载它

brew unlink binutils