在C中学习指针

Question

在过去的48小时左右我一直在削减我的牙齿试图在C中实现这个哈希表功能.我的代码相当长(我意识到它不是最有效的,有些更多是我玩C来获取感觉它是如何工作的等等.

我遇到的问题是我的主程序的最后一行在底部(打印MyEntry-> Name).我收到一个总线错误,我不确定为什么.我不相信我应该在主指针中为这个指针分配内存,但我可能是错的.

抱歉,此代码的长度.BTW SymEntry是'struct SymEntry {char*Name,void*Attributes,struct SymEntry*Next}

#include <strings.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include "SymTab.h"



struct SymTab * CreateSymTab(int Size)
{
   struct SymTab *symtable;
   if(!(symtable=malloc(sizeof(struct SymTab)))) return NULL;
   if(!(symtable->Contents=calloc(Size, sizeof(struct SymEntry*)))) {
          free(symtable);
          return NULL;
   }

   symtable->Size=Size;
   return symtable;
}

/* hash form hash value for string s, taken from 'The C Programming Language'*/
unsigned hash(struct SymTab *ATable, const char *s)
{
     unsigned hashval, size;
     size = ATable->Size;;
     for (hashval = 0; *s != '\0'; s++)
         hashval = *s + 31 * hashval;
     return hashval % size;
}

bool EnterName(struct SymTab *ATable,
          const char *Name,
          struct SymEntry **AnEntry)
{
          struct SymEntry *ptr;
          unsigned hashvalue;
          char *string;
          struct SymEntry *previous;

          string = malloc(strlen(Name)+1);
          AnEntry=(struct SymEntry**)malloc(sizeof(struct SymEntry*));

          strcpy(string, Name);
          printf("string is: is %s\n",string);
          hashvalue = hash(ATable, string);

          printf("hv is %d\n",hashvalue);
          ptr = ATable->Contents[hashvalue];
          previous = NULL;

          while(ptr)
          {
              printf("WHILE LOOP\n");
              if(!(strcmp(ptr->Name,string)))
              {
                  printf("if(!strcmp(ptr->Name,string))\n");
                  *AnEntry = ptr;
                  return true;
              }
              previous = ptr;
              ptr=ptr->Next;
          }
          if(previous)
          {
              printf("IF (PREVIOUS)\n");
              if(!(ptr=malloc(sizeof(struct SymEntry)))) return false;
              if(!(ptr->Name=string))
              {
                  printf("if(!(ptr->Name=string))\n");
                  free(ptr);
                  return false;
              }
              ptr->Name = string;
              previous->Next = ptr;
              printf("Previous->Next: %s\n", previous->Next->Name);
              *AnEntry = ptr;
              return false;
          }
          else
          {
              printf("ELSE (PREVIOUS)\n");
              if(!(ptr=malloc(sizeof(struct SymEntry)))) return false;
              if(!(ptr->Name=string))
              {
                  printf("if(!(ptr->Name=string))\n");
                  free(ptr);
                  return false;
              }
              ptr->Name = string;
              ATable->Contents[hashvalue] = ptr;
              printf("here\n");
              *AnEntry = ptr;
              printf("there\n");
              return false;
          }

}

struct SymEntry * FindName(struct SymTab *ATable, const char *Name)
{
   struct SymEntry *Entry;
   unsigned hashvalue;

   hashvalue = hash(ATable, Name);
   Entry = ATable->Contents[hashvalue];

   while(Entry)
   {
               if(strcmp(Name,Entry->Name)==0)
               {
                                              return Entry;
               }
   }
   return NULL;
}



main(int argc, char **argv)
{
   struct SymTab *mysymtab;
   struct SymEntry *myEntry;

   mysymtab = CreateSymTab(1);
   const char *string1 = "HELLO";
   printf("%d\n",6);
   EnterName(mysymtab, string1, &myEntry);
   printf("first: %s\n", mysymtab->Contents[0]->Name);
   EnterName(mysymtab, string1, NULL);
   EnterName(mysymtab, "WORLD", NULL);
   printf("second: %s\n", mysymtab->Contents[0]->Name);
   printf("second->Next: %s\n", mysymtab->Contents[0]->Next->Name);
   EnterName(mysymtab, "!@#$%", &myEntry);
   printf("third: %s\n", mysymtab->Contents[0]->Name);
   printf("third->Next: %s\n", mysymtab->Contents[0]->Next->Name);
   printf("third->Next->Next: %s\n", mysymtab->Contents[0]->Next->Next->Name);
   printf("myEntry->Name: %s\n", myEntry->Name);
}

Answer 1

问题是EnterName中的这一行:

AnEntry=(struct SymEntry**)malloc(sizeof(struct SymEntry*));

您需要删除它,因为您希望AnEntry指向调用者指定的参数.

因为AnEntry可能为NULL,所以您还需要更改以下每个实例:

*AnEntry = ptr;

至:

if (AnEntry)
    *AnEntry = ptr;

发生的事情是,当函数启动时,AnEntry指向调用者想要更改的指针.当您更改AnEntry(即AnEntry = ...;)的值时,您的代码将不会修改调用者希望您更改的指针,而是一些内部指针.因此,当EnterName返回时,myEntry仍指向内存中的某个随机位置.