Python - 删除所有非字母并用下划线替换它们的有效方法

chr*_*ant 10 python string performance

def format_title(title):  
  ''.join(map(lambda x: x if (x.isupper() or x.islower()) else '_', title.strip()))
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什么更快?

Joh*_*ooy 20

更快的方法是使用str.translate() 它比你的方式快50倍

# You only need to do this once
>>> title_trans=''.join(chr(c) if chr(c).isupper() or chr(c).islower() else '_' for c in range(256))

>>> "abcde1234!@%^".translate(title_trans)
'abcde________'

# Using map+lambda
$ python -m timeit '"".join(map(lambda x: x if (x.isupper() or x.islower()) else "_", "abcd1234!@#$".strip()))'
10000 loops, best of 3: 21.9 usec per loop

# Using str.translate
$ python -m timeit -s 'titletrans="".join(chr(c) if chr(c).isupper() or chr(c).islower() else "_" for c in range(256))' '"abcd1234!@#$".translate(titletrans)'
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.422 usec per loop

# Here is regex for a comparison
$ python -m timeit -s 'import re;transre=re.compile("[\W\d]+")' 'transre.sub("_","abcd1234!@#$")'
100000 loops, best of 3: 3.17 usec per loop
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这是unicode的一个版本

# coding: UTF-8

def format_title_unicode_translate(title):
    return title.translate(title_unicode_trans)

class TitleUnicodeTranslate(dict):
    def __missing__(self,item):
        uni = unichr(item)
        res = u"_"
        if uni.isupper() or uni.islower():
            res = uni
        self[item] = res
        return res
title_unicode_trans=TitleUnicodeTranslate()

print format_title_unicode_translate(u"Metallica ?????????")
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请注意,希腊字母计为大写和小写,因此它们不会被替换.如果要替换它们,只需将条件更改为

        if item<256 and (uni.isupper() or uni.islower()):
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Tim*_*ker 17

import re
title = re.sub("[\W\d]", "_", title.strip())
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应该更快.

如果要使用单个下划线替换一系列相邻的非字母,请使用

title = re.sub("[\W\d]+", "_", title.strip())
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相反,哪个更快.

我只是进行了时间比较:

C:\>python -m timeit -n 100 -s "data=open('test.txt').read().strip()" "''.join(map(lambda x: x if (x.isupper() or x.islower()) else '_', data))"
100 loops, best of 3: 4.51 msec per loop

C:\>python -m timeit -n 100 -s "import re; regex=re.compile('[\W\d]+'); data=open('test.txt').read().strip()" "title=regex.sub('_',data)"
100 loops, best of 3: 2.35 msec per loop
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这也适用于Unicode字符串(在Python 3下,\W匹配任何不是Unicode字符的字符.在Python 2下,你必须另外UNICODE为此设置标志).