使用 TeX 和匹配格式在 matplotlib 中写入单位为负数的轴标题

Question

我正在为 uni 编写实验室报告，并决定使用 pyplot 为其绘制图表。我的一个轴的单位是 V^(-1)，但在使用代码时，我似乎无法让 matplotlib 用上标的功能来编写它（它只上标减号）：

    plt.xlabel('$1/U (10^5 V ^-1 )$')

如果可能的话，我还想将用于轴标题的字体与用于轴上值的字体相匹配。我试过把：

plt.rc('text', usetex=True)
plt.rc('font', family='serif')

在我的代码的开头，但这给了我错误：

File "C:\Users\Sam\Documents\Uni\Labs\pytry.py", line 92, in <module> plt.savefig("Xrayplot.png") File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py", line 561, in savefig return fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1421, in savefig self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_wxagg.py", line 85, in print_figure FigureCanvasAgg.print_figure(self, filename, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backend_bases.py", line 2220, in print_figure **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 505, in print_png FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 451, in draw self.figure.draw(self.renderer) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 54, in draw_wrapper draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1034, in draw func(*args) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 54, in draw_wrapper draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes.py", line 2086, in draw a.draw(renderer) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 54, in draw_wrapper draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axis.py", line 1089, in draw renderer) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axis.py", line 1038, in _get_tick_bboxes extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 753, in get_window_extent bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 320, in _get_layout ismath=False) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 205, in get_text_width_height_descent renderer=self) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 666, in get_text_width_height_descent dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize) File "C:\Users\Sam\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 413, in make_dvi 'LaTeX: \n\n' % repr(tex)) + report) RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: 'lp' Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:

任何帮助将非常感激。

Answer 1

对于上标，在应该使用上标的文本周围添加 { }。对于字体，我不知道解决方案。

 plt.xlabel('$1/U (10^5 V ^{-1} )$')