一些开发人员通过创建Object[]并强制转换为通用类型来创建通用类型的数组，如以下示例代码所示：
public class ArrTest<E> {
public void test(E a){
E[] b = (E[])new Object[1];
b[0] = a;
System.out.println(b[0]);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
ArrTest<String> t = new ArrTest<String>();
t.test("Hello World");
}
}
该示例将起作用，并且仅显示警告：Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object[] to E[]。
灰心吗？这是创建泛型类型的数组的最佳方法吗？如果我在软件中广泛使用此对象，是否会导致意外的结果或异常？
在问题的示例中，即使我们在构造实例时将其强制转换并定义为b变量，该变量也不是。这是一个。发生这种情况是因为Java 在运行时不知道什么类型，因为在此示例中，我们没有为定义父类。因此，它将自动具有作为其父项。String[]E[]EStringObject[]EEObject
换句话说，public class ArrTest<E>与相同public class ArrTest<E extends Object>。
Java不知道E运行时是什么，因为它是unchecked。Unchecked意味着Java不会检查E类型是否为已定义父类的扩展或实现。因此，Java E在运行时唯一了解的是that <E extends Object>。
因此
E[] b = (E[]) new Object[1];
将执行为
Object[] b = (Object[]) new Object[1];
这就是为什么该示例不会抛出ClassCastException并会使开发人员感到困惑的原因。
如果我们尝试将其b用作真实对象，String[]则Java会抛出，ClassCastException因为Java会将其视为Object[]。例如，如果我们将方法更改为：
public E[] test(E a){
E[] b = (E[])new Object[1];
b[0] = a;
System.out.println(b[0]);
return b;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
ArrTest<String> t = new ArrTest<String>();
String[] result = t.test("Hello World");
}
现在我们将收到一个ClassCastExceptionin，String[] result因为返回的类型将是in ，Object[]并且我们正尝试将其存储在String[]变量中。Java将看到类型差异并引发异常。
这就是为什么不建议强制转换Object[]为通用数组，这只会导致混乱。
在写这个答案之前，我用一些可能的方法创建了一个测试用例，以创建一个通用数组，并得出结论，这是最好的方法：
public class ExampleType<A extends Number>{
public <T extends A> T[] bestMethod(T[] array)
{
if(array.length < testSize)
array = (T[]) Array.newInstance(array.getClass().getComponentType(), testSize); //Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object to T[]
System.out.println("in this case: "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getSimpleName());
return array;
}
}
确保返回与作为参数传递的数组相同类型的数组，并且它必须是中A定义的实例ExampleType<A extends Number>。如果您创建一个ExampleTypeof Integer，则需要使用an Integer[]作为参数。如果您不想要Integer特定的数组，但想要存储任何类型的数字，则可以使用a Number[]作为参数。
如果您在类中不需要通用类型，则可以将其简化为：
public <T> T[] bestMethod(T[] array)
如果要使其Number仅返回以下子类的：
public <T extends Number> T[] bestMethod(T[] array)
如果您想自己测试，这是我的测试用例：
public class Test {
public static class ArrTest<E>
{
public void test(E a){
E[] b = (E[])new Object[1];
b[0] = a;
System.out.println(b[0]);
}
public E[] test2(E a){
E[] b = (E[])new Object[1];
b[0] = a;
System.out.println(b[0]+" "+b.getClass().getComponentType());
return b;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
ArrTest<String> t = new ArrTest<String>();
t.test("Hello World");
try{String[] result = t.test2("Hello World");}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrTest.main(args);
System.out.println("#############\nWe want an array that stores only integers, sampledata: 1, samplearray: Integer");
test(new ExampleType<Integer>(Integer.class), 1, new Integer[0], new Integer[10]);
System.out.println("#############\nWe want an array that stores any type of Number, sampledata: 2L, samplearray: Number");
test(new ExampleType<Number>(Number.class), 2L, new Number[0], new Number[10]);
System.out.println("#############\nWe want an array that stores any type of CustomNumberA, sampledata: CustomB(3L), samplearray: CustomNumberA");
test(new ExampleType<CustomNumberA>(CustomNumberA.class), new CustomNumberB(3L), new CustomNumberA[0], new CustomNumberA[10]);
System.out.println("#############\nWe want A to be any type of number but we want to create an array of CustomNumberA, sampledata: CustomB(3L), samplearray: CustomNumberA");
test(new ExampleType<Number>(Number.class), new CustomNumberB(3L), new CustomNumberA[0], new CustomNumberA[10]);
}
public static <A extends Number> void test(ExampleType<A> testType, A sampleData, A[] smallSampleArray, A[] bigSampleArray)
{
Class<A> clazz = testType.clazz;
System.out.println("#############\nStarting tests with ExampleType<"+clazz.getSimpleName()+">");
System.out.println("============\nCreating with badMethod()...");
A[] array;
try
{
array = testType.badMethod();
testType.executeTests(array);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
System.out.println("============\nCreating with alsoBadMethod("+sampleData+" ["+sampleData.getClass().getSimpleName()+"])...");
try
{
array = testType.alsoBadMethod(sampleData);
testType.executeTests(array);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
System.out.println("============\nCreating with nearlyGoodMethod("+smallSampleArray.getClass().getSimpleName()+" len: "+smallSampleArray.length+")...");
try
{
array = testType.nearlyGoodMethod(smallSampleArray);
testType.executeTests(array);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
System.out.println("============\nCreating with nearlyGoodMethod("+bigSampleArray.getClass().getSimpleName()+" len: "+bigSampleArray.length+")...");
try
{
array = testType.nearlyGoodMethod(bigSampleArray);
testType.executeTests(array);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
System.out.println("============\nCreating with bestMethod("+smallSampleArray.getClass().getSimpleName()+" len: "+smallSampleArray.length+")...");
try
{
array = testType.bestMethod(smallSampleArray);
testType.executeTests(array);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
System.out.println("============\nCreating with bestMethod("+bigSampleArray.getClass().getSimpleName()+" len: "+bigSampleArray.length+")...");
try
{
array = testType.bestMethod(bigSampleArray);
testType.executeTests(array);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
}
@RequiredArgsConstructor @ToString()
public static class CustomNumberA extends Number{
@Delegate final Long n;
}
public static class CustomNumberB extends CustomNumberA{
public CustomNumberB(Long n) { super(n); }
}
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public static class ExampleType<A>{
private int testSize = 7;
final Class<A> clazz;
public A[] badMethod()
{
System.out.println("This will throw a ClassCastException when trying to return the array because Object is not a type of "+clazz.getSimpleName());
A[] array = (A[]) new Object[testSize]; //Warning: Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object[] to A[]
System.out.println("Array of "+array.getClass().getComponentType()+" created");
return array;
}
public A[] alsoBadMethod(A sampleType)
{
System.out.println("Will not respect A type ("+clazz.getSimpleName()+"), will always use the highest type in sampleType and tell that it's A[] but it's not, in this case will return "+sampleType.getClass().getSimpleName()+"[] and said it was "+clazz.getSimpleName()+"[] while developing");
A[] array = (A[]) Array.newInstance(sampleType.getClass(), testSize); //Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object to A[]
return array;
}
public A[] nearlyGoodMethod(A[] array)
{
System.out.println("The only guarantee is that the returned array will be of something that extends A ("+clazz.getSimpleName()+") so the returned type is not clear, may be of A or of the type passed in the argument but will tell it's A[] but may not be");
if(array.length < testSize)
array = (A[]) Array.newInstance(array.getClass().getComponentType(), testSize); //Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object to A[]
System.out.println("in this case: "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[], expecting: "+clazz.getSimpleName()+"[]");
return array;
}
public <T extends A> T[] bestMethod(T[] array)
{
System.out.println("It's guaranteed to return on array of the same type as the sample array and it must be an instance of A, so, this is the best method");
if(array.length < testSize)
array = (T[]) Array.newInstance(array.getClass().getComponentType(), testSize); //Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object to T[]
System.out.println("in this case: "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[], expecting: "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]");
return array;
}
public void executeTests(A[] array)
{
tryToSet(array, 0, 1);
tryToSet(array, 1, 2L);
tryToSet(array, 2, 3.1);
tryToSet(array, 3, 4F);
tryToSet(array, 4, (byte)0x5);
tryToSet(array, 5, new CustomNumberA(6L));
tryToSet(array, 6, new CustomNumberB(7L));
}
public void tryToSet(A[] array, int index, Object value)
{
System.out.println("Trying to set "+value+" ("+value.getClass().getSimpleName()+") at "+index+" in a array of "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getSimpleName());
try
{
if(array instanceof Object[]) ((Object[]) array)[index] = value;
else array[index] = (A) value; //Type safety: Unchecked cast from Object to A
System.out.println("## OK: Success: "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"["+index+"] = "+array[index]);
}
catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(">> ERR: "+e); }
}
}
}
这是测试结果...您可以看到bestMethod总是返回预期结果。