将多列行值转换为多列

Question

我已经尝试了Pivot,Unpivot交叉表周围的所有可能性 - 你的名字.

斗争是因为我已经完成了这项工作.我希望它能成为一个简单的解决方案,因为我无法看到它.

我很抱歉没有提供DDL.

但基本上我有一个看起来像这样的表.

DeptName    Metric1_Name        Metric1_Value    Metric2_Name        Metric2_Value    Metric3_Name        Metric3_Value    Metric4_Name        Metric4_Value

ABC         Sales Per Hour      200              Wins Per Hour       10               Leads per Hour      2                Losses per Hour     1 
ABC         Sales per Minute    20               Wins per Minute     1                Leads per minute    1                Losses per Minute   1
XYZ         Sales Per Hour      5000             Wins Per Hour       300              Leads per Hour      20               Losses per Hour     10 
XYZ         Sales per Minute    2000             Wins per Minute     100              Leads per minute    10               Losses per Minute   10

我希望得到这样的结果

DeptName    Sales per Hour    Sales per minute    Wins Per Hour    Wins per Minute    Leads per Hour    Leads per minute    Losses per Hour    Losses per Minute

ABC         200               20                  10               1                  2                 1                   1                   1          
XYZ         5000              2000                300              100                20                10                  10                  10         

我正在使用SQL-Server 2012.但我想解决方案可以在2008 R2上运行

捕获 - 1)名为Metric1_name等的列数未知.有人可以添加metric_36,我将在13天内不知道.

2)有超过1个字段,如DeptName,我相信可以省略这个例子.一旦有人给我指示如何解决它我会添加它们.

我非常感谢你花时间帮助我.

干杯

Answer 1

首先,我强烈建议您重新设计当前的结构.您当前的结构未规范化,并且难以维护,尤其是如果您允许用户向表中添加新列.在我解释如何使用当前结构获得结果之前,我将演示如果重新设计表格会更容易.

新表设计: 这是关于如何将表重写为更灵活的工作模型的建议.如果您有以下表格和示例数据:

-- contains the names of each metric you need to track
CREATE TABLE metric
(
  [id] int, 
  [name] varchar(17)
);

INSERT INTO metric ([id], [name])
VALUES (1, 'Sales per Hour'), (2, 'Sales per Minute'),
    (3, 'Wins per Hour'), (4, 'Wins per Minute'),
    (5, 'Leads per Hour'), (6, 'Leads per Minute'),
    (7, 'Losses per Hour'), (8, 'Losses per Minute');

-- contains the details of your departments
CREATE TABLE Departments
(
  [id] int, 
  [name] varchar(3)
);

INSERT INTO Departments ([id], [name])
VALUES (1, 'ABC'), (2, 'XYZ');

-- associates the dept to each metric and the value
CREATE TABLE details
(
  [deptid] int, 
  [metricid] int, 
  [value] int
);

INSERT INTO details ([deptid], [metricid], [value])
VALUES
    (1, 1, 200), (1, 2, 20), (1, 3, 10),
    (1, 4, 1), (1, 5, 2), (1, 6, 1),
    (1, 7, 1), (1, 8, 1), (2, 1, 5000),
    (2, 2, 2000), (2, 3, 300), (2, 4, 100),
    (2, 5, 20), (2, 6, 10), (2, 7, 10),
    (2, 8, 10);

此设计更加灵活,因为您可以轻松添加新指标以进行跟踪,而无需向表中添加新列.这甚至可以扩展为为捕获值的每一天添加日期/时间列.您可以使用以下方法轻松加入:

select d.name deptname, m.name, dt.value
from departments d
inner join details dt
  on d.id = dt.deptid
inner join metric m
  on dt.metricid = m.id;

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.这将为您提供每个部门的所有指标以及相关的值,然后可以使用pivot将其转换为列:

select deptname,
  [Sales per hour], [Sales per minute],
  [Wins per hour], [Wins per minute],
  [Leads per hour], [Leads per minute],
  [Losses per hour], [Losses per minute]
from
(
  select d.name deptname, m.name, dt.value
  from departments d
  inner join details dt
    on d.id = dt.deptid
  inner join metric m
    on dt.metricid = m.id
) src
pivot
(
  max(value)
  for name in ([Sales per hour], [Sales per minute],
               [Wins per hour], [Wins per minute],
               [Leads per hour], [Leads per minute],
               [Losses per hour], [Losses per minute])
) piv;

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.如果您有未知的度量标准类型,则可以轻松地将上述查询转换为动态SQL.

使用现有表:您可以通过首先取消列,然后应用PIVOT函数来获得结果.我建议使用CROSS APPLYunivot数据,这样你就可以将多列成对转换成行.取消使用的语法CROSS APPLY是:

select deptname, name, value
from yourtable
cross apply
(
  values
    (Metric1_Name, Metric1_Value),
    (Metric2_Name, Metric2_Value),
    (Metric3_Name, Metric3_Value),
    (Metric4_Name, Metric4_Value)
) c (name, value)

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.这会将您的数据转换为以下格式:

| DEPTNAME |              NAME | VALUE |
|----------|-------------------|-------|
|      ABC |    Sales Per Hour |   200 |
|      ABC |     Wins Per Hour |    10 |
|      ABC |    Leads per Hour |     2 |
|      ABC |   Losses per Hour |     1 |
|      ABC |  Sales per Minute |    20 |
|      ABC |   Wins per Minute |     1 |
|      ABC |  Leads per minute |     1 |
|      ABC | Losses per Minute |     1 |

一旦数据采用这种格式,您就可以轻松应用PIVOT功能.如果您的值有限,以下内容将起作用:

select deptname, 
  [Sales per hour], [Sales per minute],
  [Wins per hour], [Wins per minute],
  [Leads per hour], [Leads per minute],
  [Losses per hour], [Losses per minute]
from
(
  select deptname, name, value
  from yourtable
  cross apply
  (
    values
      (Metric1_Name, Metric1_Value),
      (Metric2_Name, Metric2_Value),
      (Metric3_Name, Metric3_Value),
      (Metric4_Name, Metric4_Value)
  ) c (name, value)
) d
pivot
(
  max(value)
  for name in ([Sales per hour], [Sales per minute],
               [Wins per hour], [Wins per minute],
               [Leads per hour], [Leads per minute],
               [Losses per hour], [Losses per minute])
) piv
order by deptname;

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.

由于您当前的表结构,如果您具有未知值,这将变得更加复杂,但以下动态SQL脚本应该为您提供所需的结果:

DECLARE @colsUnpivotList AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @colsPivot as  NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @q nvarchar(max)

declare @temp table
(
    name varchar(50),
    pos int
) ;

-- create the list of columns for the cross apply
select @colsUnpivotList 
  = stuff((select ', ('+quotename('Metric'+CAST(seq as varchar(2))+nm) 
                + ', '+quotename('Metric'+CAST(seq as varchar(2))+vl) +')'
            from
            (
                select distinct substring(C.COLUMN_NAME, 7, CHARINDEX('_', c.column_name)-7) seq
                from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns as C
                where C.TABLE_NAME = 'yourtable'
                     and C.COLUMN_NAME not in ('DeptName')
            ) s
            cross join
            (
                select '_Name', '_Value'
            ) c (nm, vl)
           for xml path('')), 1, 1, '')

-- create a sql string to get the list of values to be pivoted 
select @q = stuff((select 'union select '+c.COLUMN_NAME + ' nm, '+ cast(c.ordinal_position as varchar(10))+' pos from yourtable ' 
                    from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns as C
                    where C.TABLE_NAME = 'yourtable'
                        and C.COLUMN_NAME not in ('DeptName')
                        and C.COLUMN_NAME like ('%_Name')
                    for xml path('')), 1, 6, '')

insert into @temp execute(@q );

-- use the @temp table to get the list of values to pivot
select @colsPivot = STUFF((SELECT  ',' + quotename(name)
                    from @temp
                   group by name, pos
                   order by pos
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query = 'SELECT deptname, ' + @colsPivot + ' 
            from 
            (
                select deptname, name, value
                from yourtable
                cross apply
                (
                  values
                  '+@colsUnpivotList +'
                ) c (name, value)
            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max(value)
                for name in (' + @colsPivot + ')
            ) p '

execute sp_executesql @query;

请参阅SQL Fiddle with Demo.所有版本都得到结果:

| DEPTNAME | SALES PER HOUR | SALES PER MINUTE | WINS PER HOUR | WINS PER MINUTE | LEADS PER HOUR | LEADS PER MINUTE | LOSSES PER HOUR | LOSSES PER MINUTE |
|----------|----------------|------------------|---------------|-----------------|----------------|------------------|-----------------|-------------------|
|      ABC |            200 |               20 |            10 |               1 |              2 |                1 |               1 |                 1 |
|      XYZ |           5000 |             2000 |           300 |             100 |             20 |               10 |              10 |                10 |