如何动态编译和加载外部java类？

Question

(这个问题类似于我看过的很多问题,但大多数问题对我正在做的事情都不够具体)

背景:

我的程序的目的是让使用我的程序的人轻松制作自定义"插件",然后编译并加载到程序中以供使用(与我的程序中实现的不完整,慢速解析器相比).我的程序允许用户将代码输入到预定义的类中,该类扩展了与我的程序一起打包的编译类.他们将代码输入到文本窗格中,然后我的程序将代码复制到被覆盖的方法中.然后将其保存为.java文件(几乎)为编译器准备好了.该程序运行javac(java编译器),并将保存的.java文件作为输入.

我的问题是,我如何得到它,以便客户端(使用我的编译程序)将这个java文件(扩展我的InterfaceExample)保存在他们的计算机上的任何地方,让我的程序编译它(不说"找不到符号:InterfaceExample" )然后加载它并调用doSomething()方法？

我一直在看Q&A使用的是反射或ClassLoader,几乎描述了如何编译它,但没有一个对我来说足够详细/我完全不理解它们.

Answer 1

看一眼 JavaCompiler

以下是基于JavaDocs中给出的示例

这将File在testcompile目录中保存一个(基于package名称要求)并将其编译File为Java类...

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.tools.Diagnostic;
import javax.tools.DiagnosticCollector;
import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;
import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
import javax.tools.ToolProvider;

public class InlineCompiler {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(64);
        sb.append("package testcompile;\n");
        sb.append("public class HelloWorld implements inlinecompiler.InlineCompiler.DoStuff {\n");
        sb.append("    public void doStuff() {\n");
        sb.append("        System.out.println(\"Hello world\");\n");
        sb.append("    }\n");
        sb.append("}\n");

        File helloWorldJava = new File("testcompile/HelloWorld.java");
        if (helloWorldJava.getParentFile().exists() || helloWorldJava.getParentFile().mkdirs()) {

            try {
                Writer writer = null;
                try {
                    writer = new FileWriter(helloWorldJava);
                    writer.write(sb.toString());
                    writer.flush();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        writer.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                }

                /** Compilation Requirements *********************************************************************************************/
                DiagnosticCollector<JavaFileObject> diagnostics = new DiagnosticCollector<JavaFileObject>();
                JavaCompiler compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();
                StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = compiler.getStandardFileManager(diagnostics, null, null);

                // This sets up the class path that the compiler will use.
                // I've added the .jar file that contains the DoStuff interface within in it...
                List<String> optionList = new ArrayList<String>();
                optionList.add("-classpath");
                optionList.add(System.getProperty("java.class.path") + ";dist/InlineCompiler.jar");

                Iterable<? extends JavaFileObject> compilationUnit
                        = fileManager.getJavaFileObjectsFromFiles(Arrays.asList(helloWorldJava));
                JavaCompiler.CompilationTask task = compiler.getTask(
                    null, 
                    fileManager, 
                    diagnostics, 
                    optionList, 
                    null, 
                    compilationUnit);
                /********************************************************************************************* Compilation Requirements **/
                if (task.call()) {
                    /** Load and execute *************************************************************************************************/
                    System.out.println("Yipe");
                    // Create a new custom class loader, pointing to the directory that contains the compiled
                    // classes, this should point to the top of the package structure!
                    URLClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{new File("./").toURI().toURL()});
                    // Load the class from the classloader by name....
                    Class<?> loadedClass = classLoader.loadClass("testcompile.HelloWorld");
                    // Create a new instance...
                    Object obj = loadedClass.newInstance();
                    // Santity check
                    if (obj instanceof DoStuff) {
                        // Cast to the DoStuff interface
                        DoStuff stuffToDo = (DoStuff)obj;
                        // Run it baby
                        stuffToDo.doStuff();
                    }
                    /************************************************************************************************* Load and execute **/
                } else {
                    for (Diagnostic<? extends JavaFileObject> diagnostic : diagnostics.getDiagnostics()) {
                        System.out.format("Error on line %d in %s%n",
                                diagnostic.getLineNumber(),
                                diagnostic.getSource().toUri());
                    }
                }
                fileManager.close();
            } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException exp) {
                exp.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static interface DoStuff {

        public void doStuff();
    }

}

现在更新为包括为编译器提供类路径以及加载和执行已编译的类!

Answer 2

我建议使用Java Runtime Compiler库.你可以在内存中给它一个String,它将编译并加载到当前的类加载器(或你选择的一个)中并返回加载的类.嵌套类也被加载.注意:默认情况下,这完全在内存中工作.

例如

 // dynamically you can call
 String className = "mypackage.MyClass";
 String javaCode = "package mypackage;\n" +
                  "public class MyClass implements Runnable {\n" +
                  "    public void run() {\n" +
                  "        System.out.println(\"Hello World\");\n" +
                  "    }\n" +
                  "}\n";
 Class aClass = CompilerUtils.CACHED_COMPILER.loadFromJava(className, javaCode);
 Runnable runner = (Runnable) aClass.newInstance();
 runner.run();