制作一个强大,可调整大小的Swing Chess GUI

Question

我将如何制作这款可调整大小的Chess GUI？

---

我们公司的任务是制作国际象棋游戏.它需要在Windows,OS X和Linux/Unix机器上工作,我们选择Java来实现这一点,同时保持一个通用的代码库(便于维护和降低成本).

我的任务是创建GUI.用户设计团队已经清除了以下规范.与客户.

国际象棋比赛(国际象棋冠军)将有力量调整大小和直接,它包括:

• 顶部的工具栏,带有UI组件:
  • New 按键
  • Save 按键
  • Restore 按键
  • Resign 按键
  • 用于向玩家提供消息的标签.

在游戏的左侧,我们需要一个保留供将来使用的区域,它可能包括以下内容:

• 捕获的碎片列表
• 促销典当时选择件的选择器
• 游戏统计
• 提示等

客户和逻辑团队仍在解决这方面的细节.因此,暂时只需使用包含?文本的标签进行标记即可.

GUI的其余部分将由棋盘本身组成.它将有:

• 国际象棋棋盘的主要区域.如果用户指向棋子,它应该显示带边框的焦点.它也应该是键盘可访问的.客户将提供多个棋子(各种尺寸,样式和颜色)的精灵表,以允许用户改变游戏的外观.
• 棋盘将有标签指示列(从左到右:A,B,C,D,E,F,G和H)和行(从上到下:8,7,6,5,4,3,2) &1).
• 国际象棋棋盘和列/行标签将以1px黑色边框为边界,周围有8px填充.
• 随着玩家增加游戏的大小,棋盘应保持正方形,否则填充可用空间.
• 国际象棋棋盘后面的背景颜色应该是赭色,但在下面的模型中,我们将棋盘背后的区域设为绿色,以突出调整大小的行为.

在游戏开始之前,最小尺寸的国际象棋冠军

激活新游戏按钮后,最小尺寸的国际象棋冠军

国际象棋冠军比最小尺寸更宽

国际象棋冠军比最小尺寸高

Answer 1

笔记

• 国际象棋棋盘左侧及上方的列由9x9提供GridLayout.网格布局的第一个单元格是没有文本的标签.

• 为了简化游戏逻辑,我们维护一个单独的8x8按钮阵列.

• 为了允许键盘功能,我们使用棋盘位置的按钮.这也提供了内置焦点指示.删除按钮的边距以允许它们缩小到图标的大小.我们可以添加一个ActionListener按钮,它将响应键盘和鼠标事件.

• 为了维持一块方板,我们采用了一点技巧.国际象棋棋盘被添加到a GridBagLayout作为唯一没有GridBagContraints指定的组件.这样它始终居中.为了获得所需的调整大小行为,棋盘查询父组件的实际大小,并返回其可以的最大大小,同时仍然是正方形并且不超过父组件的宽度或高度的较小大小.

• 棋子图像是从示例图像中获得的,用于代码和标记Q&A,然后由标签中的"填充"Unicode字符开发.
  
  使用图像更简单,而填充Unicode字符更通用,也更"轻".IE支持3种不同尺寸的3种不同棋子样式的4种不同颜色需要36个单独的精灵表!

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class ChessGUI {

    private final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(3, 3));
    private JButton[][] chessBoardSquares = new JButton[8][8];
    private Image[][] chessPieceImages = new Image[2][6];
    private JPanel chessBoard;
    private final JLabel message = new JLabel(
            "Chess Champ is ready to play!");
    private static final String COLS = "ABCDEFGH";
    public static final int QUEEN = 0, KING = 1,
            ROOK = 2, KNIGHT = 3, BISHOP = 4, PAWN = 5;
    public static final int[] STARTING_ROW = {
        ROOK, KNIGHT, BISHOP, KING, QUEEN, BISHOP, KNIGHT, ROOK
    };
    public static final int BLACK = 0, WHITE = 1;

    ChessGUI() {
        initializeGui();
    }

    public final void initializeGui() {
        // create the images for the chess pieces
        createImages();

        // set up the main GUI
        gui.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        JToolBar tools = new JToolBar();
        tools.setFloatable(false);
        gui.add(tools, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
        Action newGameAction = new AbstractAction("New") {

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setupNewGame();
            }
        };
        tools.add(newGameAction);
        tools.add(new JButton("Save")); // TODO - add functionality!
        tools.add(new JButton("Restore")); // TODO - add functionality!
        tools.addSeparator();
        tools.add(new JButton("Resign")); // TODO - add functionality!
        tools.addSeparator();
        tools.add(message);

        gui.add(new JLabel("?"), BorderLayout.LINE_START);

        chessBoard = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 9)) {

            /**
             * Override the preferred size to return the largest it can, in
             * a square shape.  Must (must, must) be added to a GridBagLayout
             * as the only component (it uses the parent as a guide to size)
             * with no GridBagConstaint (so it is centered).
             */
            @Override
            public final Dimension getPreferredSize() {
                Dimension d = super.getPreferredSize();
                Dimension prefSize = null;
                Component c = getParent();
                if (c == null) {
                    prefSize = new Dimension(
                            (int)d.getWidth(),(int)d.getHeight());
                } else if (c!=null &&
                        c.getWidth()>d.getWidth() &&
                        c.getHeight()>d.getHeight()) {
                    prefSize = c.getSize();
                } else {
                    prefSize = d;
                }
                int w = (int) prefSize.getWidth();
                int h = (int) prefSize.getHeight();
                // the smaller of the two sizes
                int s = (w>h ? h : w);
                return new Dimension(s,s);
            }
        };
        chessBoard.setBorder(new CompoundBorder(
                new EmptyBorder(8,8,8,8),
                new LineBorder(Color.BLACK)
                ));
        // Set the BG to be ochre
        Color ochre = new Color(204,119,34);
        chessBoard.setBackground(ochre);
        JPanel boardConstrain = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        boardConstrain.setBackground(ochre);
        boardConstrain.add(chessBoard);
        gui.add(boardConstrain);

        // create the chess board squares
        Insets buttonMargin = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < chessBoardSquares.length; ii++) {
            for (int jj = 0; jj < chessBoardSquares[ii].length; jj++) {
                JButton b = new JButton();
                b.setMargin(buttonMargin);
                // our chess pieces are 64x64 px in size, so we'll
                // 'fill this in' using a transparent icon..
                ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(
                        new BufferedImage(64, 64, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB));
                b.setIcon(icon);
                if ((jj % 2 == 1 && ii % 2 == 1)
                        //) {
                        || (jj % 2 == 0 && ii % 2 == 0)) {
                    b.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
                } else {
                    b.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
                }
                chessBoardSquares[jj][ii] = b;
            }
        }

        /*
         * fill the chess board
         */
        chessBoard.add(new JLabel(""));
        // fill the top row
        for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++) {
            chessBoard.add(
                    new JLabel(COLS.substring(ii, ii + 1),
                    SwingConstants.CENTER));
        }
        // fill the black non-pawn piece row
        for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++) {
            for (int jj = 0; jj < 8; jj++) {
                switch (jj) {
                    case 0:
                        chessBoard.add(new JLabel("" + (9-(ii + 1)),
                                SwingConstants.CENTER));
                    default:
                        chessBoard.add(chessBoardSquares[jj][ii]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public final JComponent getGui() {
        return gui;
    }

    private final void createImages() {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://i.stack.imgur.com/memI0.png");
            BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(url);
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 2; ii++) {
                for (int jj = 0; jj < 6; jj++) {
                    chessPieceImages[ii][jj] = bi.getSubimage(
                            jj * 64, ii * 64, 64, 64);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Initializes the icons of the initial chess board piece places
     */
    private final void setupNewGame() {
        message.setText("Make your move!");
        // set up the black pieces
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][0].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[BLACK][STARTING_ROW[ii]]));
        }
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][1].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[BLACK][PAWN]));
        }
        // set up the white pieces
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][6].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[WHITE][PAWN]));
        }
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][7].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[WHITE][STARTING_ROW[ii]]));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                ChessGUI cg = new ChessGUI();

                JFrame f = new JFrame("ChessChamp");
                f.add(cg.getGui());
                // Ensures JVM closes after frame(s) closed and
                // all non-daemon threads are finished
                f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
                // See https://stackoverflow.com/a/7143398/418556 for demo.
                f.setLocationByPlatform(true);

                // ensures the frame is the minimum size it needs to be
                // in order display the components within it
                f.pack();
                // ensures the minimum size is enforced.
                f.setMinimumSize(f.getSize());
                f.setVisible(true);
            }
        };
        // Swing GUIs should be created and updated on the EDT
        // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/concurrency
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
    }
}

Answer 2

我注意到,在调整大小时,您可以在棋盘和右/底线边界之间获得一个小间隙.GridLayout会发生这种情况,因为空格并不总是被9整除.

您可能正在寻找使用标准JDK的解决方案,但如果您想摆脱这个小差距,那么您可以使用相对布局来管理国际象棋棋盘和标签.差距仍然存在,但我已将其移至标签,因此您无法轻易看出差异.

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class ChessGUI2 {

    private final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(3, 3));
    private JButton[][] chessBoardSquares = new JButton[8][8];
    private Image[][] chessPieceImages = new Image[2][6];
    private JPanel chessBoard;
    private final JLabel message = new JLabel(
            "Chess Champ is ready to play!");
    private static final String COLS = "ABCDEFGH";
    public static final int QUEEN = 0, KING = 1, 
            ROOK = 2, KNIGHT = 3, BISHOP = 4, PAWN = 5;
    public static final int[] STARTING_ROW = {
        ROOK, KNIGHT, BISHOP, KING, QUEEN, BISHOP, KNIGHT, ROOK
    };

    ChessGUI2() {
        initializeGui();
    }

    public final void initializeGui() {
        // create the images for the chess pieces
        createImages();

        // set up the main GUI
        gui.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        JToolBar tools = new JToolBar();
        tools.setFloatable(false);
        gui.add(tools, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
        Action newGameAction = new AbstractAction("New") {

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setupNewGame();
            }
        };
        tools.add(newGameAction);
        tools.add(new JButton("Save")); // TODO - add functionality!
        tools.add(new JButton("Restore")); // TODO - add functionality!
        tools.addSeparator();
        tools.add(new JButton("Resign")); // TODO - add functionality!
        tools.addSeparator();
        tools.add(message);

        gui.add(new JLabel("?"), BorderLayout.LINE_START);

//        chessBoard = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0, 9)) {
        chessBoard = new JPanel() {

            /**
             * Override the preferred size to return the largest it can, in
             * a square shape.  Must (must, must) be added to a GridBagLayout
             * as the only component (it uses the parent as a guide to size)
             * with no GridBagConstaint (so it is centered).
             */
            @Override
            public final Dimension getPreferredSize() {
                Dimension d = super.getPreferredSize();
                Dimension prefSize = null;
                Component c = getParent();
                if (c == null) {
                    prefSize = new Dimension(
                            (int)d.getWidth(),(int)d.getHeight());
                } else if (c!=null &&
                        c.getWidth()>d.getWidth() &&
                        c.getHeight()>d.getHeight()) {
                    prefSize = c.getSize();
                } else {
                    prefSize = d;
                }
                int w = (int) prefSize.getWidth();
                int h = (int) prefSize.getHeight();
                // the smaller of the two sizes
                int s = (w>h ? h : w);
                return new Dimension(s,s);
            }
        };

        RelativeLayout rl = new RelativeLayout(RelativeLayout.Y_AXIS);
        rl.setRoundingPolicy( RelativeLayout.FIRST );
        rl.setFill(true);
        chessBoard.setLayout( rl );

        chessBoard.setBorder(new CompoundBorder(
                new EmptyBorder(8,8,8,8),
                new LineBorder(Color.BLACK)
                ));
        // Set the BG to be ochre
        Color ochre = new Color(204,119,34);
        chessBoard.setBackground(ochre);
        JPanel boardConstrain = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        boardConstrain.setBackground(ochre);
        boardConstrain.add(chessBoard);
        gui.add(boardConstrain);


        // our chess pieces are 64x64 px in size, so we'll
        // 'fill this in' using a transparent icon..
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(
                //new BufferedImage(64, 64, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB));
                new BufferedImage(48, 48, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB));

        // create the chess board squares
        Insets buttonMargin = new Insets(0, 0, 0, 0);
        for (int ii = 0; ii < chessBoardSquares.length; ii++) {
            for (int jj = 0; jj < chessBoardSquares[ii].length; jj++) {
                JButton b = new JButton();
                b.setMargin(buttonMargin);
                b.setIcon(icon);
                if ((jj % 2 == 1 && ii % 2 == 1)
                        //) {
                        || (jj % 2 == 0 && ii % 2 == 0)) {
                    b.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
                } else {
                    b.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
                }
                chessBoardSquares[jj][ii] = b;
            }
        }

        /*
         * fill the chess board
         */

        RelativeLayout topRL = new RelativeLayout(RelativeLayout.X_AXIS);
        topRL.setRoundingPolicy( RelativeLayout.FIRST );
        topRL.setFill(true);
        JPanel top = new JPanel( topRL );
        top.setOpaque(false);
        chessBoard.add(top, new Float(1));

        top.add(new JLabel(""), new Float(1));

        // fill the top row
        for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++) {
            JLabel label = new JLabel(COLS.substring(ii, ii + 1), SwingConstants.CENTER);
            top.add(label, new Float(1));
        }
        // fill the black non-pawn piece row
        for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++) {

            RelativeLayout rowRL = new RelativeLayout(RelativeLayout.X_AXIS);
            rowRL.setRoundingPolicy( RelativeLayout.FIRST );
            rowRL.setFill(true);
            JPanel row = new JPanel( rowRL );
            row.setOpaque(false);
            chessBoard.add(row, new Float(1));

            for (int jj = 0; jj < 8; jj++) {
                switch (jj) {
                    case 0:
                        row.add(new JLabel("" + (9-(ii + 1)), SwingConstants.CENTER), new Float(1));
                    default:
                        row.add(chessBoardSquares[jj][ii], new Float(1));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public final JComponent getChessBoard() {
        return chessBoard;
    }

    public final JComponent getGui() {
        return gui;
    }

    private final void createImages() {
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://i.stack.imgur.com/memI0.png");
            BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(url);
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 2; ii++) {
                for (int jj = 0; jj < 6; jj++) {
                    chessPieceImages[ii][jj] = bi.getSubimage(
//                            jj * 64, ii * 64, 64, 64);
                            jj * 64, ii * 64, 48, 48);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Initializes the icons of the initial chess board piece places
     */
    private final void setupNewGame() {
        message.setText("Make your move!");
        // set up the black pieces
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][0].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[0][STARTING_ROW[ii]]));
        }
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][1].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[0][PAWN]));
        }
        // set up the white pieces
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][6].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[1][PAWN]));
        }
        for (int ii = 0; ii < STARTING_ROW.length; ii++) {
            chessBoardSquares[ii][7].setIcon(new ImageIcon(
                    chessPieceImages[1][STARTING_ROW[ii]]));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable r = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                ChessGUI2 cg = new ChessGUI2();

                JFrame f = new JFrame("ChessChamp");
                f.add(cg.getGui());
                // Ensures JVM closes after frame(s) closed and
                // all non-daemon threads are finished
                f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
                // See http://stackoverflow.com/a/7143398/418556 for demo.
                f.setLocationByPlatform(true);

                // ensures the frame is the minimum size it needs to be
                // in order display the components within it
                f.pack();
                // ensures the minimum size is enforced.
                f.setMinimumSize(f.getSize());
                f.setVisible(true);
            }
        };
        // Swing GUIs should be created and updated on the EDT
        // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/concurrency
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);
    }
}

它需要更多的工作,因为您需要单独管理行,而不是在网格中.此外,我更改了您使用48x48图像的代码,以便在我的小型显示器上轻松调整测试大小.