安装Python 3.3的opencv

Question

OpenCV仍然不适用于Python 3.3并且我是否真的必须降级到Python 2.7才能使用它？我没有在互联网上找到太多关于它,只有2012年的一些帖子,OpenCV尚未移植到Python 3.x中使用.但现在是2014年,在尝试安装最新的OpenCV 2.4.x并将cv2.pyd文件复制到C:\ Program Files(x86)\ Python333\Lib\site-packages之后,这仍然会产生Python IDLE中的错误:

>>> import cv2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
    import cv2
ImportError: DLL load failed: %1 ist keine zulässige Win32-Anwendung.

Answer 1

编辑:首先尝试新的点子方法:

视窗: pip3 install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python

Ubuntu的: sudo apt install python3-opencv

或继续下面的构建说明

注意:最初的问题是要求OpenCV + Python 3.3 + Windows.从那时起,Python 3.5已经发布.另外,我使用Ubuntu进行大多数开发,所以不幸的是,这个答案将集中在该设置上

OpenCV 3.1.0 + Python 3.5.2 + Ubuntu 16.04是可能的!这是如何做.

从以下位置复制(并稍加修改)这些步骤:

• http://docs.opencv.org/3.1.0/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html
• https://opencv-python-tutroals.readthedocs.io/en/latest/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_setup_in_fedora/py_setup_in_fedora.html#install-opencv-python-in-fedora

先决条件

安装所需的依赖项,并可选择在系统上安装/更新某些库:

# Required dependencies
sudo apt install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
# Dependencies for Python bindings
# If you use a non-system copy of Python (eg. with pyenv or virtualenv), then you probably don't need to do this part
sudo apt install python3.5-dev libpython3-dev python3-numpy
# Optional, but installing these will ensure you have the latest versions compiled with OpenCV
sudo apt install libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

构建OpenCV

CMake旗帜

有几个标志和选项可以调整你的OpenCV版本.可能有关于它们的全面文档,但这里有一些可能有用的有趣标志.它们应该包含在cmake命令中:

# Builds in TBB, a threading library
-D WITH_TBB=ON
# Builds in Eigen, a linear algebra library
-D WITH_EIGEN=ON

使用非系统级Python版本

如果您有多个版本的Python(例如,使用pyenv或virtualenv),那么您可能希望针对某个Python版本进行构建.默认情况下,OpenCV将为系统的Python版本构建.您可以通过将这些参数添加到cmake稍后在脚本中看到的命令来更改此设置.实际值取决于您的设置.我用pyenv:

-D PYTHON_DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE=$HOME/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/bin/python3.5
-D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS=$HOME/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/include/python3.5m
-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$HOME/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/bin/python3.5
-D PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.so.1

CMake Python错误消息

CMakeLists文件将尝试检测要构建的各种Python版本.如果你在这里有不同的版本,可能会感到困惑.上述参数可能只"解决"一个版本的Python而不是另一个版本的问题.如果您只关心该特定版本,那么没有什么可担心的了.

对我来说就是这样,遗憾的是,我还没有研究如何解决其他Python版本的问题.

安装脚本

# Clone OpenCV somewhere
# I'll put it into $HOME/code/opencv
OPENCV_DIR="$HOME/code/opencv"
OPENCV_VER="3.1.0"
git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv "$OPENCV_DIR"
# This'll take a while...

# Now lets checkout the specific version we want
cd "$OPENCV_DIR"
git checkout "$OPENCV_VER"

# First OpenCV will generate the files needed to do the actual build.
# We'll put them in an output directory, in this case "release"
mkdir release
cd release

# Note: This is where you'd add build options, like TBB support or custom Python versions. See above sections.
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local "$OPENCV_DIR"

# At this point, take a look at the console output.
# OpenCV will print a report of modules and features that it can and can't support based on your system and installed libraries.
# The key here is to make sure it's not missing anything you'll need!
# If something's missing, then you'll need to install those dependencies and rerun the cmake command.

# OK, lets actually build this thing!
# Note: You can use the "make -jN" command, which will run N parallel jobs to speed up your build. Set N to whatever your machine can handle (usually <= the number of concurrent threads your CPU can run).
make
# This will also take a while...

# Now install the binaries!
sudo make install

默认情况下,install即使您已指定要使用的自定义Python版本,脚本也会将Python绑定放在某个系统位置.修复很简单:将符号链接放到本地的绑定中site-packages:

ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/cv2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so $HOME/.pyenv/versions/3.5.2/lib/python3.5/site-packages/

第一条路径取决于您设置的Python版本.第二个取决于您的自定义Python版本的位置.

测试一下!

好吧让我们试一试!

ipython

Python 3.5.2 (default, Sep 24 2016, 13:13:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import cv2

In [2]: img = cv2.imread('derp.png')
i
In [3]: img[0]
Out[3]: 
array([[26, 30, 31],
       [27, 31, 32],
       [27, 31, 32],
       ..., 
       [16, 19, 20],
       [16, 19, 20],
       [16, 19, 20]], dtype=uint8)

Answer 2

是对Python 3的支持它在当前版本中仍然不可用,但它将从3.0版本开始提供(请参阅此票证).如果你真的想让python 3尝试使用开发版,你可以从GitHub下载它.

编辑(2015年7月18日):3.0版现已发布,python 3支持现已正式推出

Answer 3

这里有一个解决方案(我相信在下面的链接中可以看到'cp34')Python 3.4.

转到http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#opencv.

下载适当的.whl.

转到保存.whl的目录.

使用pip安装.whl.例如pip install opencv_python-3.0.0-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl

然后就用吧import cv2.

Answer 4

使用pip应用程序.在Windows上你可以找到它Python3/Scripts/pip.exe和On Ubuntu你可以安装apt-get install python3-pip.所以,使用命令行:

pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip3 install opencv-python

在Windows上,仅使用pip.exe而不是pip3

Answer 5

由于缺乏声誉,我不能对midopa的优秀答案发表评论.

在Mac上我(最终)使用以下命令从源代码成功安装了opencv :

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE 
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 
-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3 
-D PYTHON_LIBRARY=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework//Versions/3.4/lib/libpython3.4m.dylib 
-D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/include/python3.4m 
-D PYTHON_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy 
-D PYTHON_PACKAGES_PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/lib/python3.4/site-packages 
/relative/path/to/source/directory/

然后,

make -j8

将机器可以处理的线程数更改为8,以加快速度

sudo make install

我PYTHONPATH在我的~/.bash_profile文件中添加了一个环境变量,以便Python可以找到cv2.so:

PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages”
export PYTHONPATH

[对于那些使用PyCharm的人,我必须转到首选项>项目结构>添加内容根,并添加了cv2.so父目录的路径:/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages]

这个命令让我错过了以下错误:

Could NOT find PythonLibs,通过明确声明python库路径

ld: can't link with a main executable for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [lib/cv2.so] Error 1
make[1]: *** [modules/python2/CMakeFiles/opencv_python2.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2

通过明确指向libpython3.4m.dylib

在终端中,检查它是否有效:

$python3
>>> import cv2

如果你没有得到,这一切都很好 ImportError: No module named 'cv2'

这适用于Macbook Pro Retina 15"2013,Mavericks 10.9.4,Python 3.4.1(以前从官方下载安装),opencv3来源.希望这有助于某人.

Answer 6

我知道这是一个老线程,但万一有人在看,这就是我在El Capitan工作的方式:

brew install opencv3 --with-python3

等待一段时间才能完成.

然后根据需要运行以下命令:

brew unlink opencv

然后运行以下作为最后一步:

brew ln opencv3 --force

现在你应该能够import cv2在python 3.x脚本中运行没有问题.