JAX-RS:从具有声明的抽象返回类型的方法返回具体类实例

Question

我有一些使用JAX-RS和Jackson的REST服务.我的客户希望将抽象类作为服务的返回类型,我不知道如何使JAX-RS客户端返回具体子类的实例.这对XML和JSON表示都有可能吗？如果是这样,将欣赏样品和/或链接.

Answer 1

有多种方法可以实现这一目标。最简单的方法是使用@JsonTypeInfo，正如 Garry 提到的。您所要做的就是用 a 注释您的抽象基类，@JsonTypeInfo(use = Id.CLASS, include = As.PROPERTY)然后就可以开始了。

另一种方法是确保服务器端和客户端上的所有映射器都启用（可能是 NON_FINAL）默认类型，以便类型信息在未注释的类上进行（反）序列化。如果您对开箱即用的序列化功能不满意，可以通过提供自己的TypeResolverBuilder来增强这两种方法。有关这些方法的更详细说明可以在本文或Jackson 的多态类型处理 wiki 页面上找到。

虽然@JsonTypeInfo方法很简单，但让 CXF 服务器/客户端实际工作可能是一件苦差事。这是一个完整的例子：

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.jaxrs.json.JacksonJaxbJsonProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.jaxrs.xml.JacksonJaxbXMLProvider;
import org.apache.cxf.endpoint.Server;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.JAXRSServerFactoryBean;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.JAXRSClientFactoryBean;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Random;

import static javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON;
import static javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_XML;

public class FullCxfJaxrsJacksonExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String serverAddress = "http://localhost:9000/";
        Server server = null;

        try {
            // make server that supports JSON and XML
            JAXRSServerFactoryBean serverFactory = new JAXRSServerFactoryBean();
            serverFactory.setResourceClasses(ShapeServiceRandom.class);
            serverFactory.setAddress(serverAddress);
            serverFactory.setProviders(Arrays.asList(new JacksonJaxbJsonProvider(), new JacksonJaxbXMLProvider()));
            server = serverFactory.create();

            // make and use a client
            JAXRSClientFactoryBean clientFactory = new JAXRSClientFactoryBean();
            clientFactory.setAddress(serverAddress);
            clientFactory.setServiceClass(ShapeService.class);
            clientFactory.setProvider(new JacksonJaxbJsonProvider());
            clientFactory.setHeaders(Collections.singletonMap("Accept", "application/json"));
            // for an XML client instead of a JSON client, use the following provider/headers instead:
            //clientFactory.setProvider(new JacksonJaxbXMLProvider());
            //clientFactory.setHeaders(Collections.singletonMap("Accept", "application/xml"));

            ShapeService shapeServiceClient = clientFactory.create(ShapeService.class);
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                System.out.format("created shape: %s\n", shapeServiceClient.create());
            }

        } finally {
            if (server != null) {
                server.destroy();
            }
        }
        System.exit(0);
    }

    // Put JsonTypeInfo on the abstract base class so class info gets marshalled.
    // You'll want CLASS instead of MINIMAL_CLASS if your base class and subclasses are in different packages.
    @JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.MINIMAL_CLASS, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY)
    public abstract static class Shape {
    }

    public static class Circle extends Shape {
        public double radius;

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Circle{radius=" + radius + '}';
        }
    }

    public static class Polygon extends Shape {
        public int numSides;

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Polygon{numSides=" + numSides + '}';
        }
    }

    // service definition with abstract return type
    @Path("/shape")
    public interface ShapeService {
        @GET
        @Path("/create")
        @Produces({APPLICATION_JSON, APPLICATION_XML})
        Shape create();
    }

    // service implementation that returns different concrete subclasses
    public static class ShapeServiceRandom implements ShapeService {
        Random random = new Random();

        public Shape create() {
            int num = random.nextInt(8);
            if (num > 3) {
                Polygon polygon = new Polygon();
                polygon.numSides = num;
                return polygon;
            } else {
                Circle circle = new Circle();
                circle.radius = num + 0.5;
                return circle;
            }
        }
    }
}

此示例已使用 JDK 1.8.0_45 和以下依赖项成功测试：

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.jaxrs</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs-json-provider</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.jaxrs</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs-xml-provider</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
        <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http-jetty</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
        <artifactId>cxf-rt-rs-client</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.1</version>
    </dependency>