运行`pip install`的Ubuntu发出错误'无法构建以下必需的包:*freetype'

Question

执行时pip install -r requirements.txt,我在安装阶段遇到以下错误matplotlib:

REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
                 numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
              dateutil: yes [dateutil was not found. It is required for date
                        axis support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
               tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
                        WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
             pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
                        mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
                 pycxx: yes [Couldn't import.  Using local copy.]
                libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
                        be found. Using local copy.]
              freetype: no  [pkg-config information for 'freetype2' could
                        not be found.]

...

The following required packages can not be built:

                    * freetype

还不应该pip install -r requirements.txt安装freetype？如何在Ubuntu 12.04中安装freetype以便它可以使用matplotlib？

Answer 1

号pip将不会安装系统级的依赖性.这意味着pip不会安装RPM(基于Redhat的系统)或DEB(基于Debian的系统).

要安装系统依赖项,您需要使用以下方法之一,具体取决于您的系统.

Ubuntu的/ Debian的:

apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

要在基于Ubuntu/Debian的系统上搜索包:

apt-cache search <string>

例如:

apt-cache search freetype | grep dev

红帽/ CentOS的/ Fedora的:

yum -y install freetype-devel

要在Redhat/CentOS/Fedora系统上搜索软件包:

yum search <string>

例如:

yum search freetype | grep devel

Mac OS X的:(通过自制)

brew install freetype

要在基于Mac OS X的系统上搜索包:

brew search <string>

例如:

brew search freetype

Answer 2

我必须安装libxft-dev才能在ubuntu服务器14.04上启用matplotlib.

sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev libxft-dev

然后我可以使用

sudo easy_install matplotlib

Answer 3

sudo apt-get install pkg-config我在github问题中找到了一个解决方法.

Answer 4

现有的答案都不适合我在Ubuntu上升级matplotlib.这最终对我有用:

$ sudo apt-get install build-dep python-matplotlib
$ pip install matplotlib --upgrade

Answer 5

此命令将下载所有依赖项.

对于python 2.x

sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib

对于python 3.x

sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib

安装后,您可以尝试

(sudo) pip install matplotlib