使用django的嵌套表单

Question

我有功能,我需要使用以下模型实现嵌套的django表单

class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    address1 = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    address2 = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=256)

class Author(models.Model):
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) 
    name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=256)

class Book(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    price = models.FloatField()

forms.py

class PublisherForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Publisher

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        super(PublisherForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['name'].widget.attrs = {'id':'inputIcon', 'class':'input-block', 'placeholder':'Publisher Name', 'autofocus':'autofocus'}
        self.fields['address'].widget.attrs = {'id':'inputIcon', 'class':'input-block', 'placeholder':'Publisher Address '}


class AuthorForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        exclude = ('publisher',)    

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        super(AuthorForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['name'].widget.attrs = {'id':'inputIcon', 'class':'input-block', 'placeholder':'Author Name'}
        self.fields['address'].widget.attrs = {'id':'inputIcon', 'class':'input-block', 'placeholder':'Author Address'}

class BookForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        exclude = ('author',)    

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        super(BookForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['name'].widget.attrs = {'id':'inputIcon', 'class':'input-block', 'placeholder':'Book Name'}
        self.fields['price'].widget.attrs = {'id':'inputIcon', 'class':'input-block', 'placeholder':'Book Price'}

因此,使用上述模型和表单,我需要在同一屏幕上动态创建表单,如下面的UI屏幕

因此,从上面的屏幕中,我们可以观察到所有三个模型表单应该显示在同一页面上.

1. The publisher may have many authors
2. Each author may have many books

你也可以从设计上观察,我们有两个按钮

1.Add Another Author -  Adding Multiple Authors
2.Add Book - Adding multiple books for Author

2.添加书籍

当我们点击Add Book时,应该在屏幕截图中创建一个新的Book表单

1.添加另一位作者

当我们点击Add another author按钮时,应该显示一个新的作者记录,并且他可以通过单击为该作者添加多个书籍,如上所述Add Book

如果我们只有两个模型A和B,并且如果B有ForeignKeyA,那么我们可以通过使用django来实现这个功能formsets or inline_formsets or model_formsets,但是在上面我们应该能够

1. 添加嵌套(多个)Book表单Author
2. Author为Publisher 添加嵌套(多个)表单

那么如何实现上述功能？,我已经搜索了很多,但无法弄清楚上面的内容

Answer 1

这可以通过使用inlineformsets来完成,在创建发布者的视图中,返回作者和书籍表单集(使用每个表单的differente前缀参数),然后使用javascript为书籍和作者添加新表单空表单.

贝娄是我为你编码的基本样本.

诀窍是使用JavaScript与相关父作者(动态表单前缀模板生成书表单集books_formset_0,books_formset_1...),然后透过形式,遍历每个作者找到相关book_formset.

可以在此处下载运行和测试此代码的完整django项目.

重要说明:以下代码尚未优化,不使用某些标准工具,如js模板,ajax等,但它可以工作并显示如何解决问题.

template.py:

<script type="text/javascript" src="{{ STATIC_URL }}js/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $('form').delegate('.btn_add_book', 'click', function () {
            var $this = $(this)
            var author_ptr = $this.attr('id').split('-')[1]
            var $total_author_books = $(':input[name=books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-TOTAL_FORMS]');
            var author_book_form_count = parseInt($total_author_books.val())
            $total_author_books.val(author_book_form_count + 1)

            var $new_book_form = $('<fieldset class="author_book_form">' +
                '<legend>Book</legend>' +
                '<p>' +
                '<label for="id_books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-name">Name:</label>' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-name" maxlength="256" name="books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-name" type="text" />' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-author" name="books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-author" type="hidden" />' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-id" name="books_formset_' + author_ptr + '-' + author_book_form_count + '-id" type="hidden" />' +
                '</p>' +
                '</fieldset>'
            )

            $this.parents('.author_form').find('.author_books').prepend($new_book_form)
        })

        $('form').delegate('#btn_add_author', 'click', function () {
            var $total_authors = $(':input[name=authors_formset-TOTAL_FORMS]');
            author_form_count = parseInt($total_authors.val())
            $total_authors.val(author_form_count + 1)

            book_form = '<fieldset class="author_book_form">' +
                '<legend>Book</legend>' +
                '<p>' +
                '<label for="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-name">Name:</label>' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-name" maxlength="256" name="books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-name" type="text" />' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-author" name="books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-author" type="hidden" />' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-id" name="books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-0-id" type="hidden" />' +
                '</p>' +
                '</fieldset>';

            $new_author_form = $(
                '<fieldset class="author_form">' +
                '<legend>Author</legend>' +
                '<p>' +
                '<label for="id_authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-name">Name:</label>' +
                '<input id="id_authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-name" maxlength="256" name="authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-name" type="text" />' +
                '<input id="id_authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-publisher" name="authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-publisher" type="hidden" />' +
                '<input id="id_authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-id" name="authors_formset-' + author_form_count + '-id" type="hidden" />' +
                '</p>' +
                '<p><input type="button" value="Add Book" class="btn_add_book" id="author-' + author_form_count + '"/></p>' +
                '<div class="author_books">' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-TOTAL_FORMS" name="books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-TOTAL_FORMS" type="hidden" value="1" />' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-INITIAL_FORMS" name="books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-INITIAL_FORMS" type="hidden" value="0" />' +
                '<input id="id_books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-MAX_NUM_FORMS" name="books_formset_' + author_form_count + '-MAX_NUM_FORMS" type="hidden" value="1000" />' +
                book_form +
                '</div >' +
                '</fieldset >'
            )

            $('#authors').prepend($new_author_form)
        })
    })
</script>
<h1>Add Publisher</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}

    <p><input type="button" id="btn_add_author" value="Add another author"/></p>

    <div id="authors">
        {{ authors_formset.management_form }}
        {% for form in authors_formset %}
            <fieldset class="author_form">
                <legend>Author</legend>
                {{ form.as_p }}
                <p><input type="button" value="Add Book" class="btn_add_book" id="author-{{ forloop.counter0 }}"/></p>

                <div class="author_books">
                    {{ books_formset.management_form }}
                    {% for form in books_formset %}
                        <fieldset class="author_book_form">
                            <legend>Book</legend>
                            {{ form.as_p }}
                        </fieldset>
                    {% endfor %}
                </div>
            </fieldset>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <p><input type="submit" value="Save"></p>
</form>

forms.py:

AuthorInlineFormSet = inlineformset_factory(Publisher, Author, extra=1, can_delete=False)
BookInlineFormSet = inlineformset_factory(Author, Book, extra=1, can_delete=False)

views.py:

class PublisherCreateView(CreateView):
    model = Publisher

    def form_valid(self, form):
        result = super(PublisherCreateView, self).form_valid(form)

        authors_formset = AuthorInlineFormSet(form.data, instance=self.object, prefix='authors_formset')
        if authors_formset.is_valid():
            authors = authors_formset.save()

        authors_count = 0
        for author in authors:
            books_formset = BookInlineFormSet(form.data, instance=author, prefix='books_formset_%s' % authors_count)
            if books_formset.is_valid():
                books_formset.save()
            authors_count += 1

        return result

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(PublisherCreateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['authors_formset'] = AuthorInlineFormSet(prefix='authors_formset')
        context['books_formset'] = BookInlineFormSet(prefix='books_formset_0')
        return context