C++静态变量多个实例

Fer*_*eak 1 c++ linker static templates g++

我遇到了以下奇怪的情况:我设法有一个带有两个实例的全局静态变量......这是正常的还是这是编译器中的一个错误,还是这个隐藏的C++领域?下面的复制是一个较大项目的摘录(行为是相同的),显然名称被更改以保护罪魁祸首(是的,我知道此代码中存在内存泄漏).

代码如下:

// other.h
#ifndef _OTHER_H_
#define _OTHER_H_

struct other
{
    long longer;
    int inter;
    char charer;
};

void dosomething();

#endif
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// other.cpp
#include "other.h"
#include "util.h"

void dosomething()
{
  other* something = alloc_mem(other, 4);
}
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// util.h
#ifndef _UTIL_H_
#define _UTIL_H_

#include <memory.h>
#include <string>

#include "test_class.h"

template <class T> T* allocate(size_t count, const char* f, long l, const char* sth)
{
    T* tmp = new T[count];
    memset(tmp, 0, count * sizeof(T));
    test_class<T*>::instance().throwIn(tmp, f, l, sth, count);

    return tmp;
}

#define alloc_mem(type,count) allocate<type>(count, __FILE__, __LINE__, (char*)0)

#endif
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// main.cpp
#include "other.h"  
#include "util.h"

int main()
{
  int* i = alloc_mem(int, 1);
  int* i1 = alloc_mem(int, 20);
  char* c = alloc_mem(char, 1);

  dosomething();
  int* i3 = alloc_mem(int, 1);
}
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主要部分:

// test_class.h
#ifndef test_class_H
#define test_class_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <cxxabi.h>

static long int all_alloc = 0; // THIS will get linked in two times!

template <typename T>
class test_class
{
private:
    test_class() {}
    static test_class<T>* pinstance;

public:
    ~test_class() {}
    static test_class& instance() {
        if(pinstance == NULL) {
            pinstance = new test_class();
        }
        return *pinstance;
    }

    void throwIn(T item, const char* file, long line, const char* _compiler, long count) {
        int status;
        char* s = abi::__cxa_demangle(typeid(T).name(), 0, 0, &status) ;
        std::cout << "request:" << sizeof(T) * count << " bytes, type:" << s << " @ "<< 
                 file << ":" << line << " global_addr:" << &all_alloc << std::endl;
        all_alloc += sizeof(T) * count ;
        free(s);
        std::cout<<"All memory:" << all_alloc << std::endl;
    }
};

template <class T> test_class<T>*  test_class<T>::pinstance = NULL;

#endif
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所以,你必须编译为:

g++ main.cpp other.cpp -o test
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并运行它,并:

$ ./test
request:8 bytes, type:int* @ main.cpp:6 global_addr:0x6022d8
All memory:8
request:160 bytes, type:int* @ main.cpp:7 global_addr:0x6022d8
All memory:168
request:8 bytes, type:char* @ main.cpp:8 global_addr:0x6022d8
All memory:176
request:32 bytes, type:other* @ other.cpp:6 global_addr:0x6022f8
All memory:32
request:8 bytes, type:int* @ main.cpp:11 global_addr:0x6022d8
All memory:184
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所以,正如我可以看到一个非常大的惊喜,我有两个全球地址all_alloc...确实,nm -C test显示:

00000000006022d8 b all_alloc
00000000006022f8 b all_alloc
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所以,显然问题是:

为什么?这怎么可能?有没有允许这种行为的东西,或者这是编译器或链接器中某处的错误?

cra*_*str 6

在这种情况下,我认为你不想声明你的all_alloc静态.在这种情况下,这意味着链接是内部的.在您的情况下,您将获得两个副本,因为两个文件包含标题.

如果删除static,则会有两个冲突的副本,并导致链接器错误.哪个不好.

我相信你想要做的是改变staticextern,然后在一个 CPP文件中,定义的变量及其值.

标题:

extern long int all_alloc;
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CPP:

long int all_alloc = 0;
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这将提供all_alloc您的代码之间共享的一个副本.