在C#和C++之间共享源文件

Question

我有一个主要用C#编写的项目.我需要为该项目的API的所有错误号"定义"定义一个类.我试图避免编写/改变我的许多代码生成器之一来实现这一目标.

我想要做的是能够直接#include内容(如错误defiles)到C/C++项目.我在C#中定义它们如下,我没有使用枚举来看你会在这里看到的东西:

using System;

namespace ProjectAPI {

[Serializable]
public sealed class ProjectError {

    public enum ProjectErrorClass {
        None            = -1,
        Undefined       = 0,
        Login,
        Store,
        Transaction,
        Heartbeat,
        Service,
        HTTPS,
        Uploader,
        Downloader,
        APICall,
        AutoUpdate,
        General
    }

    public enum ProjectErrorLevel {
        Unknown = -1,
        Success = 0,
        Informational,
        Warning,
        Critical,
    };

    /// <summary>
    /// PROJECT_ERROR_BASE - This is the base for all Project defined errors in the API.  Project Errors are defined as follows:
    ///   ProjectAPI error values are 32 bit values defined as follows:
    ///   3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    ///   1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    ///  +---+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+
    ///  |Sev|Error Code Base| Error Class           |Unique Error Code |
    ///  +---+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+
    ///  where
    ///
    ///      Sev - is the severity code of the error (2 bits), and is defined as follows:
    ///          00 - Success (non-fatal)   0x00
    ///          01 - Informational         0x01
    ///          10 - Warning               0x02
    ///          11 - Error                 0x03
    ///
    ///      Error Code Base - is the starting point of all Project Errors, and is set at 0xA4 (8 Bits).
    ///
    ///      Error Class - is the error class, or API "Module" that caused the error (12 bits).
    ///
    ///      Code - the unique error code (10 bits). (0 - 1,023 (0x3FF)).
    /// </summary>

    private static readonly int ERR_SHIFT                       = 0x1E;
    private static readonly int BASE_SHIFT                      = 0x16;
    private static readonly int CLASS_SHIFT                     = 0x06;

    private static readonly int PROJECT_SEV_SUCCESS           = 0x00;
    private static readonly int PROJECT_SEV_INFO              = 0x01;
    private static readonly int PROJECT_SEV_WARN              = 0x02;
    private static readonly int PROJECT_SEV_ERROR             = 0x03;

    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_BASE             = 0xA5;

    /// <summary>
    /// Project Error Class Constants:
    /// </summary>
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_UNDEF     = 0x0010;   /// Undefined.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_LOGIN     = 0x0020;   /// LoginClass Error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_STORE     = 0x0040;   /// Store Error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_TRANS     = 0x0080;   /// Transaction Error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_HEART     = 0x0100;   /// HeartBeat (Project Health Monitor) Error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_SERV      = 0x0200;   /// Service Error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_HTTP      = 0x0400;   /// HTTP/HTTPS Error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_UPLOAD    = 0x0800;   /// Upload (Transactions) Error
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_DOWNLOAD  = 0x1000;   /// Download (Transactions) Error
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_APICALL   = 0x2000;   /// API Command/call error.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_UPDATE    = 0x4000;   /// Auto-Updater Errors.
    private static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_GEN       = 0x8000;   /// General Error.

    public static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ERROR    = ProjectErrCode(PROJECT_SEV_ERROR, PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_GEN, 0x001);
    // Was...
    //    (((PROJECT_SEV_ERROR << ERR_SHIFT) | PROJECT_ERROR_BASE << BASE_SHIFT) | ((PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_UNDEF << CLASS_SHIFT) | 0x0001));

    public static readonly int PROJECT_ERROR_UNKNOWN_HEARTBEAT_ERROR = ProjectErrCode(PROJECT_SEV_ERROR, PROJECT_ERROR_CLASS_HEART, 0x001);
...Snip...

...

我意识到还有其他东西可以放入Enums,但我的目标是能够用C++编译器编译这个源代码.(上面的示例中缺少函数,即ProjectErrCode()从API调用时构建错误代码OTF的最终整数值.)

我正在构建错误常量,如注释中所示,我可以回到那个,但我宁愿编写类似的类 - 一个在C#中的C#,可以构造/解构错误代码.我的函数返回错误的严重性,错误类等.开发人员可以忽略它,记录它,将其传递给UI等.

如果我只有5或10个错误代码,这不是问题.但我已经超过100,并且真的不希望维护带有重复信息的.cs和.h文件.我可以在.h文件中管理它们并让CS代码读取它们,但这几乎与编写(修改)代码生成器一样多.

---

我怎样才能找到#define单个源文件,这样C#编译器就可以编译它,就像C/++编译器一样？我可以简单地说#include "ProjectErrors.cs"- Filename不是那里的问题.我开始认为我可以通过#define像那样的东西来做到这一点,using System;但几乎挂在那里.

Answer 1

1）使用预处理器。一些 ifdef 和定义应该可以解决问题，但会非常混乱。

2) 使用C++/CLI。C++/CLI 是 C++ 的变体，被编译为 .Net 程序集。虽然 .Net 类型和本机类型是独立的实体，但它们之间的转换是可能的。

例如，您将标头定义为具有本机枚举和常量的完全本机代码；然后，您可以将此标头包含到 100% 本机项目和 C++/CLI 项目中，该项目还将提供枚举到相应 .Net 类型的转换（请参阅此线程）。

如果您不想拥有这个中间转换层，C++/CLI 还为您提供了 C++ 宏的全部功能，因此您可以使用 ENUM_HEADER 和 CONSTANT 等宏创建一个文件，并以相当的方式将它们评估为适当的托管或本机形式干净而直接的方式（C# 无法做到这一点，因为它的预处理器要弱得多）。生成的程序集本质上就是这个标头和适当的宏定义，仅此而已。

3) 在某些外部文件（XML、INI，等等）中定义值，并且仅在 C# 和 C++ 中实现加载逻辑（这实际上可能是最干净的解决方案）。