数组索引返回null而不是超出范围

Ran*_*dom 9 .net c# indexing properties

我目前正在尝试在我的类定义中实现"索引"属性.

例如,我有以下课程:

public class TestClass
{
   private int[] ids = null;

   public string Name { get; set; }
   public string Description { get; set; }
   public int[] Ids { 
      get
      {
         //Do some magic and return an array of ints 
         //(count = 5 - in this example in real its not fixed)
         return _ids;
      }
   }
}
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现在我喜欢使用这个类如下:

private void DoSomething()
{
   var testClass = GetSomeTestClass();
   //work with the ids

   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) //I know I could say i < Ids.Length, its just an example
   {
      int? id = testClass.Ids[i];
      //this will result, in a out of bound exception when i reaches 5 but I wish for it to return a null like a "safe" index call ?!?
   }
}
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那么是否有一个安全的索引调用导致null,而不需要我在try catch中再次包装它.

另一件事我不想使用类索引,因为我需要几个像这样工作的属性,具有不同的类型(int,string,bool,custom class等).

(再一次,fo​​r只是一个简单的例子,我知道在这种情况下我可以说"i <Ids.Length")

Jam*_*mes 6

如果您只对已经不可为空的类型数据感兴趣,例如,struct您可以使用简单的扩展方法

public static class ArrayExt
{
    public static Nullable<T> GetValueOrNull(this T[] array, int index) where T: struct
    {
        return array.Length < index ? new Nullable<T>(array[index]) : null;
    }
}
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这会让你简单地打电话

int? id = testClass.Ids.GetValueOrNull(i);
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但是,鉴于您需要支持任意数量的类型,我的建议是实现数组的包装并控制您访问数据的方式,例如

public class SafeArray<T>
{
    private T[] items;

    public SafeArray(int capacity)
    {
        items = new T[capacity];
    }

    public object this[int index]
    {
        get
        {
            return index < items.Length ? (object)items[index] : null;
        }
        set
        {
            items[index] = (T)value;
        }
    }
}

public class TestClass
{
    public TestClass()
    {
        Ids = new SafeArray<int>(5);
        Instances = new SafeArray<MyClass>(5);
    }
    ...
    public SafeArray<int> Ids { get; private set; }

    public SafeArray<MyClass> Instances { get; private set; }
}
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这种方法的关键是object用作返回类型.这允许您将数据(或盒子/ unbox,如果使用值类型)转换为接收端的预期类型,例如

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
    // we need an explicit cast to un-box value types
    var id = (int?)testClass.Ids[i];
    // any class is already of type object so we don't need a cast
    // however, if we want to cast to original type we can use explicit variable declarations e.g.
    MyClass instance = testClass.Instances[i];
}
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Sha*_*ard 3

好的,全新的方法。由于您有几种可能的类型并且想要一个“小丑”方法,因此您可以将这些值存储为类中的键/值集合,然后这种方法就成为可能。

首先,在内部存储值:

public class TestClass
{
     private Dictionary<Type, Array> _values = new Dictionary<Type, Array>();
}
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现在用实际数据填充该集合:

_values.Add(typeof(int?), new int[] { 1, 2, 3 });
_values.Add(typeof(string), new string[] { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" });
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最后是小丑方法:

public T Get<T>(int index)
{
    Type type = typeof(T);
    Array array;
    if (_values.TryGetValue(type, out array))
    {
        if (index >= 0 && index < array.Length)
        {
            return (T)array.GetValue(index);
        }
    }
    return default(T);
}
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用法:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
  int? id = testClass.Get<int?>(i);
  string name = testClass.Get<string>(i);
  //...
}
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