C++中的多维可变大小数组

Question

嗨,我想做这样的事情:

int op(string s1, string s2){
    int x = s1.size();
    int y = s2.size();
    int matrix = new int[x][y]
    /* do stuff with matrix */
}

出于某种原因,我收到以下错误:

SuperString.cpp(69) : error C2540: non-constant expression as array bound
SuperString.cpp(69) : error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'int (*)[1]' to 'int'
        This conversion requires a reinterpret_cast, a C-style cast or function-style cast
SuperString.cpp(71) : error C2109: subscript requires array or pointer type

谢谢!

Answer 1

以下是使用各种技术在C++中构建二维数组的摘要.

静态二维矩阵:

const size_t N = 25; // the dimension of the matrix

int matrix[N][N]; // N must be known at compile-time.
// you can't change the size of N afterwards

for(size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
    for(size_t j = 0; j < N; ++j)
    {
        matrix[i][j] = /* random value! */;
    }
}

动态2d矩阵:

const size_t N = 25; // the dimension of the matrix
int** matrix = new int*[N]; // each element is a pointer to an array.

for(size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    matrix[i] = new int[N]; // build rows

for(size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
    for(size_t j = 0; j < N; ++j)
    {
        matrix[i][j] = /* random value! */;
    }
}

// DON'T FORGET TO DELETE THE MATRIX!
for(size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    delete matrix[i];

delete matrix;

使用std :: vector的矩阵:

// Note: This has some additional overhead
// This overhead would be eliminated once C++0x becomes main-stream ;)
// I am talking about r-value references specifically.
typedef vector< vector<int> > Matrix;
typedef vector<int> Row;

const size_t N = 25; // the dimension of the matrix
Matrix matrix;

for(size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
    Row row(N);

    for(size_t j = 0; j < N; ++j)
    {
        row[j] = /* random value! */;
    }

    matrix.push_back(row); // push each row after you fill it
}

// Once you fill the matrix, you can use it like native arrays
for(size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
    for(size_t j = 0; j < N; ++j)
    {
        cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";
    }

    cout << endl;
}

使用boost :: multi_array的3d矩阵(取自boost multi_array docs):

// Note that this is much more efficient than using std::vector!
int 
main () {
  // Create a 3D array that is 3 x 4 x 2
  typedef boost::multi_array<double, 3> array_type;
  typedef array_type::index index;
  array_type A(boost::extents[3][4][2]);

  // Assign values to the elements
  int values = 0;
  for(index i = 0; i != 3; ++i) 
    for(index j = 0; j != 4; ++j)
      for(index k = 0; k != 2; ++k)
        A[i][j][k] = values++;

  // Verify values
  int verify = 0;
  for(index i = 0; i != 3; ++i) 
    for(index j = 0; j != 4; ++j)
      for(index k = 0; k != 2; ++k)
        assert(A[i][j][k] == verify++);

  return 0;
}

Answer 2

您需要将矩阵 var 声明为int* matrix，因为动态数组被声明为指针。但是你不能在一个新的二维数组中创建两个维度都是可变的。您可以创建一维数组并自行进行索引数学计算。
int* matrix = new int[x*y];
// Set element x1,y1 to 5
matrix[x1+y1*x] = 5;