Rails 4 - 背景图像出现在Localhost中但不出现在生产中

Question

我最近重写了我的一个Rails 3.2.13应用程序以使用Rails 4.我在我的Rails 3应用程序中使用了twitter-bootstrap-rails 2.1.2.当我重写Rails 4版本时,它开始使用2.2.8版本.我在我的开发和生产服务器上使用Phusion Passenger 4.0.20来托管我所有的Rails应用程序.

在我的Rails 3应用程序中,背景图像在localhost和生产中正确显示.但是,当我使用Rails 4和当前版本的twitter-bootstrap-rails重写应用程序时,我注意到背景图像正确显示但是当我在生产中部署它时,背景图像不会显示.

我尝试了以下CSS,但背景图像只出现在localhost中.第一个语句是在我的Rails 3应用程序中在localhost和production中运行良好的原始CSS代码.

background: url(/assets/landingpage2.jpg); width: 574px; height: 650px;

background: url(../assets/landingpage2.jpg); width: 574px; height: 650px;

background-image: url(../assets/landingpage2.jpg); width: 574px; height: 650px;

background-image: url("../assets/landingpage2.jpg"); width: 574px; height: 650px;

background-image: url("/assets/landingpage2.jpg"); width: 574px; height: 650px;

这是包含最初工作的背景语句的类:

.landing-cube-menu {
  font-weight: bold; 
  font-size: 150%;
  line-height: 100%;    
  background: url(/assets/landingpage2.jpg); width: 574px; height: 650px;
  margin:0 auto;  
}

以下是我在视图中使用的代码:

<div class="header-cube-menu" style="position: relative;">

  <div class="header-store" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><%= link_to "Online Store", store_path %></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-about" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><%= link_to "About", about_path %></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-contact" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><%= link_to "Contact", contact_path %></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-verse" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/verse">Bible<br>Verse</a></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-app" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/app">Mobile<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;App</a></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-home" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/home">Home<br>&nbsp;Page</a></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-math" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/math">The<br>Math</a></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-vision" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/vision">&nbsp;Vision<br>Mission</a></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-pendant" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/pendant">Pendant<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Desk Cross<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and more</a></p>
  </div>

  <div class="header-puzzle" style="position: absolute;">
    <p><a href="/puzzle">3D-Puzzle<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;eBook</a></p>
  </div>

</div>

我已经在浏览器中清除了localhost和我的域的缓存.我仍然在localhost中看到图像,但没有看到域.我尝试在Mac Mini Server上使用最新版本的Safari,Chrome,Firefox和Opera.所有这些都得到了相同的结果.

如果我没有在localhost中看到背景图像,我可以理解这一点.我使用localhost对Rails 4应用程序进行了测试,并假设它可以在生产中使用.但是在我部署之后,背景图像丢失了.这在我的生产和开发服务器上都会发生.图像文件位于两台服务器上的app/assets/images中.

我的原始代码和我在这里发布的所有示例都是正确的,因为图像显示在localhost中.我不知道在这一点上要检查的地方.我可以在Passenger Google Group中发布此信息.这是localhost和production之间唯一的另一个变量,特别是考虑到我的开发服务器.

更新:我发布此消息后,我决定尝试其他可能性.现在,localhost不再显示背景图像.我对此完全感到沮丧.

任何帮助,将不胜感激.

更新10/19/2013 8:05 PM CDT GMT-5

我试图在我的.less文件中实现asset_url解决方案.以下是我执行rake资产时遇到的错误:precompile RAILS_ENV = production命令

I, [2013-10-19T19:59:05.384878 #69440]  INFO -- : Writing /Users/myusername/Sites/myrailsapp/public/assets/application-f8821f5601f793a09e9373fb397df1b1.js
    rake aborted!
    undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass
      (in /Users/myusername/Sites/hypercubeoflove_RoR_4/app/assets/stylesheets/application.css)
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/sass_functions.rb:63:in `sprockets_context'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-rails-4.0.0/lib/sass/rails/helpers.rb:23:in `asset_url'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/script/funcall.rb:112:in `_perform'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/script/node.rb:40:in `perform'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:298:in `visit_prop'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:100:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `block in visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `map'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:109:in `block in visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:121:in `with_environment'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:108:in `visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `block in visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:320:in `visit_rule'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:100:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `block in visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `map'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:53:in `visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:109:in `block in visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:121:in `with_environment'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:108:in `visit_children'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `block in visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:128:in `visit_root'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/base.rb:37:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:100:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/visitors/perform.rb:7:in `visit'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/tree/root_node.rb:20:in `render'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/engine.rb:315:in `_render'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sass-3.2.12/lib/sass/engine.rb:262:in `render'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/sass_compressor.rb:24:in `evaluate'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/tilt-1.4.1/lib/tilt/template.rb:103:in `render'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/context.rb:197:in `block in evaluate'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/context.rb:194:in `each'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/context.rb:194:in `evaluate'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/bundled_asset.rb:25:in `initialize'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/base.rb:377:in `new'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/base.rb:377:in `build_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/index.rb:94:in `block in build_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/caching.rb:58:in `cache_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/index.rb:93:in `build_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/base.rb:287:in `find_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/index.rb:61:in `find_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/manifest.rb:211:in `block in find_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/manifest.rb:257:in `benchmark'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/manifest.rb:210:in `find_asset'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/manifest.rb:119:in `block in compile'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/manifest.rb:118:in `each'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/sprockets/manifest.rb:118:in `compile'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-rails-2.0.0/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:60:in `block (3 levels) in define'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-2.10.0/lib/rake/sprocketstask.rb:146:in `with_logger'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/gems/sprockets-rails-2.0.0/lib/sprockets/rails/task.rb:59:in `block (2 levels) in define'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/bin/ruby_noexec_wrapper:14:in `eval'
    /Users/myusername/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p247@mygemset/bin/ruby_noexec_wrapper:14:in `<main>'
    Tasks: TOP => assets:precompile
    (See full trace by running task with --trace)

Answer 1

您的问题几乎肯定rake assets:precompile与您的生产环境有关

Right-Click > View Source对您的生产应用程序进行一次很好的测试,然后单击调用背景图像的CSS文件.如果您的问题是您的CSS正在调用url("background-image.png")并且当您单击该文件时它没有显示,则解决方案是使用SCSS动态预编译资源

使用SCSS预编译资产

我们遇到了无法访问CSS中的图像文件的问题,发现这是因为CSS只引用了静态url()位置; 在预编译中,我们的应用程序调用图像"backgroun-image-234234nsdfasfdjasdfk2jij234ij32i.png"

解决这个问题的方法是使用SCSS创建资产的动态链接; 允许你的应用程序将正确的路径放到图像等.这是一些实时代码:

#application.css.scss (yes, you need to rename it)
@import 'layout/body'


#app/assets/stylesheets/layout/body.css.scss
body {
    background: asset_url('background-image.png')
}

如果你这样做,然后当你推向生产,你执行这些命令,它应该工作:

rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production

Answer 2

FWIW,我只是改变了所引用的背景图像从CSS文件的名称styleblah.css来styleblah.css.scss再变background: url('/assets/images/imagetitle.png'); 到 background: asset_url('imagetitle.png');它完美地工作.

就像男人说的那样,沿着这些方向运行: rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production

然后重新启动你的web/http服务器(在我的情况下是unicorn)以获得良好的衡量标准: sudo service unicorn restart