使用Maven运行JUnit测试时,Spring MockMvc WebApplicationContext为null

Question

我有一个Spring mock-mvc JUnit测试类,它包含两个测试.当我在Eclipse IDE中运行测试时,两个测试都通过(我使用Eclipse Maven插件).

使用时从命令行运行测试

mvn test

其中一个测试失败,因为@Autowired的WebApplicationContext 有时为 null.

这是我的测试课

@WebAppConfiguration
@ActiveProfiles({ "dev", "test" })
public class AddLinkEndpointMvcTest extends BaseMvc {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void before() {
        System.out.println("WAC = " + wac);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void addLinkDoesNotSupportGet() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/myurl")).andExpect(status().is(HttpStatus.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED));
    }

    @Test
    public void addLinkBadRequestNoLinkAddress() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(post("/myurl")).andExpect(status().is(HttpStatus.SC_BAD_REQUEST));
    }
}

这是BaseMvc类

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class BaseMvc {

    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "com.example.a", "com.example.b" })
    @Profile("test")
    public static class TestConfig {

        static {
            System.out.println("TEST CONFIG");
        }

        // ...some beans defined here

        @Bean
        public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer properties() {
            PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer configurer = new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
            configurer.setIgnoreUnresolvablePlaceholders(false);
            configurer.setLocations(new Resource[] { new ClassPathResource("sample-webapp.properties"),
                new ClassPathResource("sample-domain.properties") });
            return configurer;
        }

    }

}

我已经添加了println调用以进行辅助调试.在运行mvn test时,这里是相关的控制台输出:

WAC = null
WAC = org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@38795184: startup date [Thu Sep 19 16:24:22 BST 2013]; root of context hierarchy

和错误

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: WebApplicationContext is required
        at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:112)
        at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.DefaultMockMvcBuilder.<init>(DefaultMockMvcBuilder.java:66)
        at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(MockMvcBuilders.java:46)
        at com.mypackage.AddLinkEndpointMvcTest.before(AddLinkEndpointMvcTest.java:31)

所以这是测试中的问题

@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;  

有时wac为null或在JUnit @Before开始之前尚未完成初始化.

我不明白的是WebApplicationContext有时是null,为什么它在Eclipse IDE中传递!

Answer 1

尝试使用 getBean 而不是自动装配。这应该确保WebApplicationContext您访问它时已初始化。

例子：

MyClass myClass = applicationContext.getBean("myClass");