使用LINQ解析XML以获取子元素

Question

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<CompanyInfo>
     <Employee name="Jon" deptId="123">
      <Region name="West">
        <Area code="96" />
      </Region>
      <Region name="East">
        <Area code="88" />
      </Region>
     </Employee>
</CompanyInfo>  

public class Employee
{
    public string EmployeeName { get; set; }
    public string DeptId { get; set; }
    public List<string> RegionList {get; set;}
}

public class Region
{
    public string RegionName { get; set; }
    public string AreaCode { get; set; }
}

我试图读取这个XML数据,到目前为止我已经尝试过这个:

XDocument xml = XDocument.Load(@"C:\data.xml");
var xElement = xml.Element("CompanyInfo");
if (xElement != null)
    foreach (var child in xElement.Elements())
    {
        Console.WriteLine(child.Name);  
        foreach (var item in child.Attributes())
        {
            Console.WriteLine(item.Name + ": " + item.Value);
        }

        foreach (var childElement in child.Elements())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("--->" + childElement.Name);
            foreach (var ds in childElement.Attributes())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ds.Name + ": " + ds.Value);
            }
            foreach (var element in childElement.Elements())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("------->" + element.Name);
                foreach (var ds in element.Attributes())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ds.Name + ": " + ds.Value);
                }
            }
        }                
    }

这使我能够获取每个节点,其属性名称和值,因此我可以将这些数据保存到数据库中的相关字段中,但这似乎是一种漫长的方式并且不灵活,例如,如果XML结构更改了所有这些foreach语句需求重新访问,也很难以这种方式过滤数据,我需要写一些if语句来过滤数据(例如从West获取员工等...)

我正在寻找一种更灵活的方式,使用linq,如下所示:

List<Employees> employees =
              (from employee in xml.Descendants("CompanyInfo")
               select new employee
               {
                   EmployeeName = employee.Element("employee").Value,
                   EmployeeDeptId = ?? get data,
                   RegionName = ?? get data,
                   AreaCode = ?? get data,,
               }).ToList<Employee>();

但我不确定如何从子节点获取值并应用过滤(仅限某些员工).这可能吗？任何帮助表示赞赏.

谢谢

Answer 1

var employees = (from e in xml.Root.Elements("Employee")
                 let r = e.Element("Region")
                 where (string)r.Attribute("name") == "West"
                 select new Employee
                 {
                     EmployeeName = (string)e.Attribute("employee"),
                     EmployeeDeptId = (string)e.Attribute("deptId"),
                     RegionName = (string)r.Attribute("name"),
                     AreaCode = (string)r.Element("Area").Attribute("code"),
                 }).ToList();

但是当XML文件结构发生变化时,它仍然需要进行查询修订.

编辑

查询每位员工的多个区域:

var employees = (from e in xml.Root.Elements("Employee")
                 select new Employee
                 {
                     EmployeeName = (string)e.Attribute("employee"),
                     DeptId = (string)e.Attribute("deptId"),
                     RegionList = e.Elements("Region")
                                   .Select(r => new Region {
                                       RegionName = (string)r.Attribute("name"),
                                       AreaCode = (string)r.Element("Area").Attribute("code")
                                   }).ToList()
                 }).ToList();

然后,您可以仅筛选来自给定区域的员工的列表:

var westEmployees = employees.Where(x => x.RegionList.Any(r => r.RegionName == "West")).ToList();

Answer 2

您可以跟踪结构:

from employee in xml
      .Element("CompanyInfo")       // must be root
      .Elements("Employee")         // only directly children of CompanyInfo

或者不太严格

from employee in xml.Descendants("Employee")    // all employees at any level

然后获取您想要的信息:

       select new Employee
       {
           EmployeeName = employee.Attribute("name").Value,
           EmployeeDeptId = employee.Attribute("deptId").Value,
           RegionName = employee.Element("Region").Attribute("name").Value,
           AreaCode = employee.Element("Region").Element("Area").Attribute("code").Value,
       }

有关多个地区的其他信息,假设一个List<Region> Regions属性:

       select new Employee
       {
           EmployeeName = employee.Attribute("name").Value,
           EmployeeDeptId = employee.Attribute("deptId").Value,
           //RegionName = employee.Element("Region").Attribute("name").Value,
           //AreaCode = employee.Element("Region").Element("Area").Attribute("code").Value,
           Regions = (from r in employee.Elements("Region") select new Region 
                      {
                         Name = r.Attribute("name").Value,
                         Code = r.Element("Area").Attribute("code").Value,
                      }).ToList();
       }