AttributeError:'str'对象没有属性'items'

Question

在以下代码中:

#!/usr/local/bin/python
import json

APPLICATION_NAME = 'cc9226315643df89-36bf02429075329d0ba36748360d050c'

HEADERS1 = json.dumps(dict(Destination = u"/api/af/latest/applications/%s/rulesets" % (APPLICATION_NAME)))
print "Headers1 is %s" % (HEADERS1)
HEADERS2 = {'Destination': '/api/af/latest/applications/%s/rulesets' % (APPLICATION_NAME)}
print "Headers2 is %s" % (HEADERS2)

我得到以下输出:

Headers1 is {"Destination": "/api/af/latest/applications/cc9226315643df89-36bf02429075329d0ba36748360d050c/rulesets"}
Headers2 is {'Destination': '/api/af/latest/applications/cc9226315643df89-36bf02429075329d0ba36748360d050c/rulesets'}

但是当我尝试使用requests()在REST调用中使用HEADER1或HEADER2时,我得到了非常不同的结果:

SERVER_URL = 'http://1.1.33.109:8087%s' % (APP_PATH)
REQ_DATA = None
print "Headers are: ", HEADERS
print "SERVER_URL is: ", SERVER_URL
print "Request Data is:", REQ_DATA
print ""

RESPONSE = requests.request(
    'MOVE', 
    SERVER_URL, 
    auth = ('admin', 'admin'), 
    verify = False, 
    data = REQ_DATA,
    headers = HEADERS1 )     #<-- If I use HEADER1 it breaks, if I use HEADER2 it works
print "Move Ruleset back to the Application RESULT: %s\n" % (RESPONSE)

我用HEADER1获得以下内容:

Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "./myrest.py", line 234, in <module>
     headers = HEADERS1 )
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.py", line 44, in request
     return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 324, in request
     prep = req.prepare()
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 223, in prepare
     p.prepare_headers(self.headers)
   File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 340, in prepare_headers
     headers = dict((name.encode('ascii'), value) for name, value in headers.items())
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'items'

如果我使用HEADER2它会干净地执行:

将规则集移回应用程序结果:响应[200]

任何人都可以解释这些差异是什么？

Answer 1

你正在传递一个字符串 ; headers不能永远是一个JSON编码字符串,它始终是一个Python字典.

该print结果都是骗人的; JSON编码对象看起来很像Python字典表示,但它们远非同一件事.

该requestsAPI明确规定,headers必须是一个字典:

• headers- (可选)要与之一起发送的HTTP标头字典Request.

JSON数据是您作为内容发送到另一台服务器的东西,而不是您用来与Python API通信的东西.

Answer 2

我遇到了这个问题，我需要使用内容类型制作标题并将数据元素作为 json 传递。

import requests
import json

headerInfo = {'content-type': 'application/json' }
payload = {'text': 'okay!!!', 'auth_token': 'aasdasdasdasd'}
jLoad = json.dumps(payload)

r = requests.post('http://example.com:3030/widgets/init', headers=headerInfo, data=jLoad)
print r.text
print r.status_code