alv*_*vas 0 python oop variables init
没有python对象,它看起来很好:
def obj(x={123:'a',456:'b'}):
return x
fb = obj()
print fb
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使用python对象,我收到以下错误:
def foobar():
def __init__(self,x={123:'a',456:'b'}):
self.x = x
def getStuff(self,field):
return x[field]
fb = foobar()
print fb.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "testclass.py", line 9, in <module>
print fb.x
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'x'
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使用python对象,我收到一个错误:
def foobar():
def __init__(self,x={123:'a',456:'b'}):
self.x = x
def getStuff(self,field):
return x[field]
fb2 = foobar({678:'c'})
print fb2.getStuff(678)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "testclass.py", line 8, in <module>
fb2 = foobar({678:'c'})
TypeError: foobar() takes no arguments (1 given)
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您没有定义类,您使用嵌套函数定义了一个函数.
def foobar():
def __init__(self,x={123:'a',456:'b'}):
self.x = x
def getStuff(self,field):
return x[field]
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使用class来定义一个类来代替:
class foobar:
def __init__(self,x={123:'a',456:'b'}):
self.x = x
def getStuff(self, field):
return self.x[field]
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请注意,您需要参考self.x在getStuff().
演示:
>>> class foobar:
... def __init__(self,x={123:'a',456:'b'}):
... self.x = x
... def getStuff(self, field):
... return self.x[field]
...
>>> fb = foobar()
>>> print fb.x
{456: 'b', 123: 'a'}
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请注意,使用函数关键字参数default的可变值通常不是一个好主意.函数参数定义一次,并且可能导致意外错误,因为现在所有类共享相同的字典.
请参阅"最小惊讶"和可变默认参数.