如何在elasticsearch中配置synonyms_path

Question

我是弹性搜索的新手,我想使用同义词,我在配置文件中添加了这些行:

index :
    analysis :
        analyzer : 
            synonym :
                type : custom
                tokenizer : whitespace
                filter : [synonym]
        filter :
            synonym :
                type : synonym
                synonyms_path: synonyms.txt

然后我创建了一个索引测试:

"mappings" : {
  "test" : {
     "properties" : {
        "text_1" : {
           "type" : "string",
           "analyzer" : "synonym"
        },
        "text_2" : {
           "search_analyzer" : "standard",
           "index_analyzer" : "synonym",
           "type" : "string"
        },
        "text_3" : {
           "type" : "string",
           "analyzer" : "synonym"
        }
     }
  }

}

并用这些数据进行了类型测试:

{
"text_3" : "foo dog cat",
"text_2" : "foo dog cat",
"text_1" : "foo dog cat"
}

synonyms.txt包含"foo,bar,baz",当我搜索foo时,它会返回我的预期,但是当我搜索baz或bar时,它会返回零结果:

{
"query":{
"query_string":{
    "query" : "bar",
    "fields" : [ "text_1"],
    "use_dis_max" : true,
    "boost" : 1.0
}}} 

结果:

{
"took":1,
"timed_out":false,
"_shards":{
"total":5,
"successful":5,
"failed":0
},
"hits":{
"total":0,
"max_score":null,
"hits":[
]
}
}

Answer 1

我不知道,如果你的问题是因为你定义了"bar"的同义词.正如你所说的那样,你很新我会举一个与你相似的例子.我想展示elasticsearch如何在搜索时和索引时处理同义词.希望能帮助到你.

首先创建同义词文件:

foo => foo bar, baz

现在我使用您要测试的特定设置创建索引:

curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/test/' -d '{
  "settings": {
    "index": {
      "analysis": {
        "analyzer": {
          "synonym": {
            "tokenizer": "whitespace",
            "filter": ["synonym"]
          }
        },
        "filter" : {
          "synonym" : {
              "type" : "synonym",
              "synonyms_path" : "synonyms.txt"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "mappings": {

    "test" : {
      "properties" : {
        "text_1" : {
           "type" : "string",
           "analyzer" : "synonym"
        },
        "text_2" : {
           "search_analyzer" : "standard",
           "index_analyzer" : "standard",
           "type" : "string"
        },
        "text_3" : {
           "type" : "string",
           "search_analyzer" : "synonym",
           "index_analyzer" : "standard"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}'

请注意,synonyms.txt必须与配置文件位于同一目录中,因为该路径相对于config dir.

现在索引一个doc:

curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/test/test/1' -d '{
  "text_3": "baz dog cat",
  "text_2": "foo dog cat",
  "text_1": "foo dog cat"
}'

现在搜索

在字段text_1中搜索

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/test/_search?q=text_1:baz'
{
  "took": 3,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.15342641,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "test",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.15342641,
        "_source": {
          "text_3": "baz dog cat",
          "text_2": "foo dog cat",
          "text_1": "foo dog cat"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

你得到文件是因为baz是foo的同义词,在索引时foo用它的同义词扩展

在字段text_2中搜索

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/test/_search?q=text_2:baz'

结果:

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 0,
    "max_score": null,
    "hits": []
  }
}

我没有得到点击,因为我没有在索引(标准分析器)时扩展同义词.而且,因为我正在搜索baz和baz不在文本中,所以我没有得到任何结果.

在字段text_3中搜索

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/test/_search?q=text_3:foo'
{
  "took": 3,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.15342641,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "test",
        "_type": "test",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.15342641,
        "_source": {
          "text_3": "baz dog cat",
          "text_2": "foo dog cat",
          "text_1": "foo dog cat"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

注意:text_3是"baz dog cat"

text_3是没有扩展同义词的索引.当我正在搜索foo时,其中有"baz"作为同义词之一,我得到了结果.

如果要调试,可以使用_analyze端点,例如:

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/test/_analyze?text=foo&analyzer=synonym&pretty=true'

结果:

{
  "tokens": [
    {
      "token": "foo",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 3,
      "type": "SYNONYM",
      "position": 1
    },
    {
      "token": "baz",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 3,
      "type": "SYNONYM",
      "position": 1
    },
    {
      "token": "bar",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 3,
      "type": "SYNONYM",
      "position": 2
    }
  ]
}