Django manage.py测试无法正确加载夹具

Question

我使用django.test.TestCase编写了Django测试,我想使用一个包含所有当前数据库数据的fixture来运行测试.但是,如果我按如下方式创建夹具:

python manage.py dumpdata --indent=3 > myapp/fixtures/test_data.json

当我然后使用运行测试时python manage.py test myapp,我收到以下错误:

Problem installing fixture...(traceback)
IntegrityError: Could not load auth.Permission(pk=42): duplicate key value violates unique constraint "auth_permission_content_type_id_codename_key"
DETAIL:  Key (content_type_id, codename)=(14, add_record) already exists.

我在某处看到这可能是由pk冲突造成的,所以我尝试用以下方法重新创建灯具:

python manage.py dumpdata --natural --indent=3 > myapp/fixtures/test_data.json

但现在运行测试给了我:

Problem installing fixture...(traceback)
DeserializationError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute '_meta'

我也试过各种排除(使用--exclude选项)auth.permission和contenttypes(或同时),但后来我抱怨缺少权限(Key (permission_id)=(44) is not present in table "auth_permission".)或缺少内容类型(DeserializationError: ContentType matching query does not exist.)

问题是,我还是需要权限,因为我的测试部分是为了验证只有具有特定权限的用户才能访问某些视图.

我不明白为什么会发生这种情况,说实话 - 我的印象是测试运行器从一个完全干净的数据库开始并从我的夹具中加载一切,但是阅读这样的帖子:Django单元测试与装载夹具几个依赖的应用程序问题似乎可能并非如此.

我怎么能绕过这个？我宁愿不必在我的测试中写下User.objects.create_user(..很多次的东西 ,def setUp(self):只是为了让它们有足够的物体才能正常运行......

Answer 1

当您运行测试时，initial_data将加载装置（通过syncdb）。

对我来说，dumpdata使用该--natural参数，排除contenttypes然后auth.permission手动删除一些条目，只剩下这些：

{
    "pk": 1, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "add_permission", 
        "name": "Can add permission", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "permission"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 2, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "change_permission", 
        "name": "Can change permission", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "permission"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 3, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "delete_permission", 
        "name": "Can delete permission", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "permission"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 4, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "add_group", 
        "name": "Can add group", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "group"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 5, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "change_group", 
        "name": "Can change group", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "group"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 6, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "delete_group", 
        "name": "Can delete group", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "group"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 7, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "add_user", 
        "name": "Can add user", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "user"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 8, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "change_user", 
        "name": "Can change user", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "user"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 9, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "delete_user", 
        "name": "Can delete user", 
        "content_type": [
            "auth", 
            "user"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 10, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "add_contenttype", 
        "name": "Can add content type", 
        "content_type": [
            "contenttypes", 
            "contenttype"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 11, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "change_contenttype", 
        "name": "Can change content type", 
        "content_type": [
            "contenttypes", 
            "contenttype"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 12, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "delete_contenttype", 
        "name": "Can delete content type", 
        "content_type": [
            "contenttypes", 
            "contenttype"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 13, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "add_session", 
        "name": "Can add session", 
        "content_type": [
            "sessions", 
            "session"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 14, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "change_session", 
        "name": "Can change session", 
        "content_type": [
            "sessions", 
            "session"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 15, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "delete_session", 
        "name": "Can delete session", 
        "content_type": [
            "sessions", 
            "session"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 16, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "add_site", 
        "name": "Can add site", 
        "content_type": [
            "sites", 
            "site"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 17, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "change_site", 
        "name": "Can change site", 
        "content_type": [
            "sites", 
            "site"
        ]
    }
},
{
    "pk": 18, 
    "model": "auth.permission", 
    "fields": {
        "codename": "delete_site", 
        "name": "Can delete site", 
        "content_type": [
            "sites", 
            "site"
        ]
    }
},

我不明白为什么，但它确实有效。我会尝试将我的装置与新数据库的转储进行比较syncdb，然后决定在我的装置中删除或编辑哪些内容。希望这对您的情况有所帮助。