我需要导入什么才能访问我的模型？

Question

我想运行一个脚本来填充我的数据库.我想通过Django数据库API访问它.

唯一的问题是我不知道我需要导入什么才能获得访问权限.

怎么能实现这一目标？

Answer 1

也导入您的设置模块

import os
os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "mysite.settings"

from mysite.polls.models import Poll, Choice

应该做的伎俩.

Answer 2

这就是我在一个数据加载脚本的顶部.

import string
import sys
try:
    import settings # Assumed to be in the same directory.
    #settings.DISABLE_TRANSACTION_MANAGEMENT = True
except ImportError:
    sys.stderr.write("Error: Can't find the file 'settings.py' in the directory containing %r. It appears you've customized things.\nYou'll have to run django-admin.py, passing it your settings module.\n(If the file settings.py does indeed exist, it's causing an ImportError somehow.)\n" % __file__)
sys.exit(1)

#Setup the django environment with the settings module.
import django
import django.core.management
django.core.management.setup_environ(settings)

from django.db import transaction

这应该在您在脚本中执行其他操作之前执行.

另一种方法是使用fixture和manage.py.虽然如果您只是尝试完成批量数据加载来初始化数据库,这应该可以正常工作.

另外,根据您的工作情况,您可能也可能不希望在一次交易中完成所有操作.取消注释上面的事务行并构造与此类似的代码.

transaction.enter_transaction_management()
try:
    #Do some stuff
    transaction.commit()
finally:
    transaction.rollback()
    pass
transaction.leave_transaction_management()

Answer 3

如果在项目目录中使用脚本的shell参数,则manage.py不必手动导入设置:

$ cd mysite/
$ ./manage.py shell
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Jun 10 2008, 10:35:34) 
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5465)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from myapp.models import *
>>>

对于非交互式使用,您可以实现自定义命令并运行它manage.py.