如何在OWL-RDF/XML语法中描述包含inverseOf属性的属性？

Question

我有对象属性命名employ,employedBy因为它们是彼此相反的.如何将这些属性提供给实例？我的employ财产:

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="employ">
  <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/" />
  <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
  <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>

我的employedBy财产:

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="employedBy">
  <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/" />
  <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="#Employ" />
  <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
  <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>

现在如何描述employ和employedBy在这种情况下？假设Pozitron雇用约翰,约翰受雇于Pozitron.

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/john">
  <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
  <person:personName>John</person:personName>
  <organization:organizationName>Pozitron</organization:organizationName>
</rdf:Description>

Answer 1

使用像Turtle这样的语法比RDF/XML更容易编写RDF.您提供的数据不足以让我们使用(例如,基URI未定义).这是一个包含数据的完整RDF/XML文档(请注意ex命名空间):

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
    xmlns:person="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"
    xmlns:organization="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"
    xml:base="http://example.org/"
    xmlns:ex="http://example.org/#">
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="employ">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/" />
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="employedBy">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/" />
    <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="#Employ" />
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
  </owl:ObjectProperty>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/john">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
    <person:personName>John</person:personName>
    <organization:organizationName>Pozitron</organization:organizationName>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

在Turtle中,这是以下几点,并揭示了几个问题:

@prefix rdfs:    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix ex:      <http://example.org/#> .
@prefix person:  <http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/> .
@prefix organization:  <http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/> .
@prefix owl:     <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf:     <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .

ex:employedBy
      a       person: , owl:ObjectProperty ;
      rdfs:domain person: ;
      rdfs:range organization: ;
      owl:inverseOf ex:Employ .

person:john
      a       person: ;
      organization:organizationName
              "Pozitron" ;
      person:personName "John" .

ex:employ
      a       owl:ObjectProperty , organization: ;
      rdfs:domain organization: ;
      rdfs:range person: .

这里的问题是:

• employedBy相反的是Employ,但这个名字没有财产,只有employ;
• 该物业employ是一个organization
• 该物业employedBy是一个person
• john 有一个 organizationName
• 没有组织Pozitron.

这些语法很容易修复.我们还可以添加三元组john employedBy Pozitron,并Pozitron employ john同时我们正在做这个.我们最终得到:

@prefix rdfs:    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix ex:      <http://example.org/#> .
@prefix person:  <http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/> .
@prefix organization:  <http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/> .
@prefix owl:     <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf:     <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .

ex:employedBy
      a       owl:ObjectProperty ;
      rdfs:domain person: ;
      rdfs:range organization: ;
      owl:inverseOf ex:employ .

organization:Pozitron
      a       organization: ;
      organization:organizationName
              "Pozitron" ;
      ex:employ person:john .

person:john
      a       person: ;
      person:personName "John" ;
      ex:employedBy organization:Pozitron .

ex:employ
      a       owl:ObjectProperty ;
      rdfs:domain organization: ;
      rdfs:range person: .

通过将其转换回来,我们也可以看到它在RDF/XML中的样子:

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:ex="http://example.org/#"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:person="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"
    xmlns:organization="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" > 
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/#employedBy">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
    <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="http://example.org/#employ"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/Pozitron">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
    <organization:organizationName>Pozitron</organization:organizationName>
    <ex:employ rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/john"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/john">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
    <person:personName>John</person:personName>
    <ex:employedBy rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/Pozitron"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/#employ">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/organizations/"/>
    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://rdf.pozitron.com/people/"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

如果您使用的是OWL推理机可以处理的逆属性,你真的不需要写都john employedBy Pozitron 和 Pozitron employ john ; 你只能写一个而推理者会推断另一个.