Oli*_*lie 5 debugging common-lisp
我在Mac上使用CCL(1.8.1 - 本文中的最新版本),并想知道是否有任何类型的调试教程可用.
我特别感兴趣的是在我的代码中的某个地方设置断点,然后戳戳并激发各种值,然后单步执行下一行代码,检查更多值等.
编辑: 我已经阅读了CCL手册(18.3及其左右)的调试部分,但不太了解它.我来自C/Java /等.后台和基于IDE的源代码级调试器,只需稍微暴露一下gdb.
所以我想我正在寻找的是一个介绍/教程,它引导我完成一些简单的步骤.
(我是Lisp的新手(当然还有CCL)所以,如果我完全错误地提出错误的问题或完全错误的方式,请随时告诉我.)
谢谢!
我相信一个CCL用户可能指向您的在CCL手动调试部分,但是,事实上,ANSI Common Lisp的标准包括优秀的调试工具,包括break和step你问(除step的粒度不是基于一行代码而不是形式).
事实上,整个条件系统值得研究.
最重要的是要记住,调试工具为您提供了正常的Lisp REPL(读取 - 评估 - 打印循环),您可以使用初始REPL执行任何操作:定义函数和变量,检查现有变量(包括那些在调试器输入的函数中定义的那些)等.此外,您可以在步进器中发出其他命令,例如step和next(通常缩写:s和:n),或者continue(通常缩写:c)在可持续的错误中.
您需要注意的一个区别是,在使用(缩写)gdb检查变量时,在Lisp中只需键入并进行评估.xprint xp xx
以下是一些简单的例子:
这里?提供有关可用命令的帮助; 尝试help或:h如果你的lisp barfs.
> (defun factorial (n) (if (zerop n) 1 (* n (factorial (1- n)))))
FACTORIAL
> (step (factorial 3))
step 1 --> (FACTORIAL 3)
Step 1 > ?
Commands may be abbreviated as shown in the second column.
COMMAND ABBR DESCRIPTION
Help :h, ? print this command list
Error :e print the last error message
Inspect :i inspect the last error
Abort :a abort to the next recent input loop
Unwind :uw abort to the next recent input loop
Reset :re toggle *PACKAGE* and *READTABLE* between the
local bindings and the sane values
Quit :q quit to the top-level input loop
Where :w inspect this frame
Up :u go up one frame, inspect it
Top :t go to top frame, inspect it
Down :d go down one frame, inspect it
Bottom :b go to bottom (most recent) frame, inspect it
Mode mode :m set stack mode for Backtrace: 1=all the stack elements
2=all the frames 3=only lexical frames
4=only EVAL and APPLY frames (default) 5=only APPLY frames
Frame-limit n :fl set the frame-limit for Backtrace. This many frames
will be printed in a backtrace at most.
Backtrace [mode [limit]] :bt inspect the stack
Break+ :br+ set breakpoint in EVAL frame
Break- :br- disable breakpoint in EVAL frame
Redo :rd re-evaluate form in EVAL frame
Return value :rt leave EVAL frame, prescribing the return values
Step :s step into form: evaluate this form in single step mode
Next :n step over form: evaluate this form at once
Over :o step over this level: evaluate at once up to the next return
Continue :c switch off single step mode, continue evaluation
-- Step-until :su, Next-until :nu, Over-until :ou, Continue-until :cu --
same as above, specify a condition when to stop
Step 1 > :s
step 2 --> 3
Step 2 > :n
step 2 ==> value: 3
step 2 --> (IF (ZEROP N) 1 (* N (FACTORIAL #)))
Step 2 > :s
step 3 --> (ZEROP N)
Step 3 > :n
step 3 ==> value: NIL
step 3 --> (* N (FACTORIAL (1- N)))
Step 3 > :s
step 4 --> N
Step 4 > :n
step 4 ==> value: 3
step 4 --> (FACTORIAL (1- N))
Step 4 > :s
step 5 --> (1- N)
Step 5 > :n
step 5 ==> value: 2
step 5 --> (IF (ZEROP N) 1 (* N (FACTORIAL #)))
Step 5 > :c
step 5 ==> value: 2
step 4 ==> value: 2
step 3 ==> value: 6
step 2 ==> value: 6
step 1 ==> value: 6
6
需要注意的是步进里面的提示是step <level>这里level是嵌套级别.
> (defun assert-0 (x) (unless (eql x 0) (break "Bad x: ~S" x)) 0)
ASSERT-0
> (assert-0 0)
0
> (assert-0 'assert-0)
** - Continuable Error
Bad x: ASSERT-0
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Return from BREAK loop
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > x
ASSERT-0
Break 1 > :c
0
这里的提示是Break <level>.
> (defun my+1 (x) (assert (numberp x) (x) "must be a number: ~S" x) (1+ x))
MY+1
> (my+1 5)
6
> (my+1 'my+1)
** - Continuable Error
must be a number: MY+1
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Input a new value for X.
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > :c
New X> 'foo
** - Continuable Error
must be a number: FOO
If you continue (by typing 'continue'): Input a new value for X.
The following restarts are also available:
ABORT :R1 Abort main loop
Break 1 > :c
New X> 6
7
assert使用相同的提示break.