use*_*508 2 python metaprogramming setattr
如果我有一个python类,它允许在实例化时有一个options参数,我怎样才能根据该options参数的值动态设置一个函数.例如,如果我有代码
def hello1():
print(self.name,"says hi")
def hello2():
print(self.name,"says hello")
class A:
def __init__(self, name, opt=0):
if opt == 1:
setattr(self,'hello',hello1)
else:
setattr(self,'hello',hello2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
a1 = A("my")
a2 = A("name",1)
a1.hello()
a2.hello()
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我收到了追溯错误
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "dynamic_classes.py", line 17, in <module>
a1.hello()
File "dynamic_classes.py", line 5, in hello2
print(self.name,"says hello")
NameError: global name 'self' is not defined
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您的函数不定义self参数,也不会获取参数.
你需要使用方法 ; 您可以通过将它们视为描述符并显式调用.__get__()它们来从函数中创建它们:
def hello1(self):
print(self.name,"says hi")
def hello2(self):
print(self.name,"says hello")
class A:
def __init__(self, name, opt=0):
if opt == 1:
setattr(self, 'hello', hello1.__get__(self, type(self))
else:
setattr(self, 'hello', hello2.__get__(self, type(self)))
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通常,在类(直接或通过实例).__get__()访问函数时调用该函数.但是,直接在实例上添加的函数不会发生这种情况,因此您需要手动执行此操作.