使用Visual Studio 2010的CATCH单元测试套件

Question

据我了解,我可以简单地catch.hpp放入我的项目目录,将其添加到项目中,然后开始编写测试.一旦我尝试使用本教程中概述的一些宏,我就遇到了一些或者11个确切的链接器错误.

#include "catch.hpp"

unsigned int Factorial( unsigned int number ) {
    return number <= 1 ? number : Factorial(number-1)*number;
}

TEST_CASE( "Factorials are computed", "[factorial]" ) {
    REQUIRE( Factorial(1) == 1 );
    REQUIRE( Factorial(2) == 2 );
    REQUIRE( Factorial(3) == 6 );
    REQUIRE( Factorial(10) == 3628800 );
}

我能够在第一个例子中创建一个文件并用g ++编译它,但是当我只是将相同的代码粘贴到我的VS2010项目中然后尝试运行它时,我遇到了链接器错误.不幸的是,我现在还不熟悉C++来自己解码错误,在看了这里的单个文件后,我无法辨别出这个问题.

Error   1   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::AutoReg::AutoReg(void (__cdecl*)(void),struct Catch::SourceLineInfo const &,struct Catch::NameAndDesc const &)" (??0AutoReg@Catch@@QAE@P6AXXZABUSourceLineInfo@1@ABUNameAndDesc@1@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `anonymous namespace'::`dynamic initializer for 'autoRegistrar27''(void)" (??__EautoRegistrar27@?A0x3911e331@@YAXXZ)    C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   2   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder::ExpressionResultBuilder(enum Catch::ResultWas::OfType)" (??0ExpressionResultBuilder@Catch@@QAE@W4OfType@ResultWas@1@@Z) referenced in function __catch$?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____27@@YAXXZ$0   C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   3   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl Catch::translateActiveException(void)" (?translateActiveException@Catch@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@XZ) referenced in function __catch$?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____27@@YAXXZ$0   C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   4   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder::endExpression(enum Catch::ResultDisposition::Flags)" (?endExpression@ExpressionResultBuilder@Catch@@QAEAAV12@W4Flags@ResultDisposition@2@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____27(void)" (?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____27@@YAXXZ)   C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   5   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::AssertionInfo::AssertionInfo(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,struct Catch::SourceLineInfo const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,enum Catch::ResultDisposition::Flags)" (??0AssertionInfo@Catch@@QAE@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@ABUSourceLineInfo@1@0W4Flags@ResultDisposition@1@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl ____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____27(void)" (?____C_A_T_C_H____T_E_S_T____27@@YAXXZ) C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   6   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "struct Catch::IContext & __cdecl Catch::getCurrentContext(void)" (?getCurrentContext@Catch@@YAAAUIContext@1@XZ) referenced in function "struct Catch::IResultCapture & __cdecl Catch::getResultCapture(void)" (?getResultCapture@Catch@@YAAAUIResultCapture@1@XZ)    C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   7   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder::setOp(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (?setOp@ExpressionResultBuilder@Catch@@QAEAAV12@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@Z) referenced in function "private: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionLhs<int const &>::captureExpression<0,int>(int const &)" (??$captureExpression@$0A@H@?$ExpressionLhs@ABH@Catch@@AAEAAVExpressionResultBuilder@1@ABH@Z) C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   8   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder::setRhs(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (?setRhs@ExpressionResultBuilder@Catch@@QAEAAV12@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@Z) referenced in function "private: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionLhs<int const &>::captureExpression<0,int>(int const &)" (??$captureExpression@$0A@H@?$ExpressionLhs@ABH@Catch@@AAEAAVExpressionResultBuilder@1@ABH@Z)   C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   9   error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder::setLhs(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (?setLhs@ExpressionResultBuilder@Catch@@QAEAAV12@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@Z) referenced in function "private: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionLhs<int const &>::captureExpression<0,int>(int const &)" (??$captureExpression@$0A@H@?$ExpressionLhs@ABH@Catch@@AAEAAVExpressionResultBuilder@1@ABH@Z)   C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   10  error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder::setResultType(bool)" (?setResultType@ExpressionResultBuilder@Catch@@QAEAAV12@_N@Z) referenced in function "private: class Catch::ExpressionResultBuilder & __thiscall Catch::ExpressionLhs<int const &>::captureExpression<0,int>(int const &)" (??$captureExpression@$0A@H@?$ExpressionLhs@ABH@Catch@@AAEAAVExpressionResultBuilder@1@ABH@Z)  C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   11  error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Catch::AutoReg::~AutoReg(void)" (??1AutoReg@Catch@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl `anonymous namespace'::`dynamic atexit destructor for 'autoRegistrar27''(void)" (??__FautoRegistrar27@?A0x3911e331@@YAXXZ)    C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication\FirstCPPApplication.obj 1   1   FirstCPPApplication
Error   12  error LNK1120: 11 unresolved externals  C:\Users\Mark\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\FirstCPPApplication\Debug\FirstCPPApplication.exe   FirstCPPApplication

Answer 1

简而言之:将您的单个项目解决方案拆分为3个,使用.lib旧的exe,将项目添加到适当的路径,更新链接器,您就可以了.

AE Drew的回答有助于解决我的问题,但我想对问题的标题提出更全面的解决方案,以防任何人来自Google,特别是如果他们从初学者的角度来看简单的细分.

如果您的解决方案中只有一个项目为您构建了一个项目.exe,则CATCH将无效:您的解决方案需要3个项目(据我所知)才能测试您的代码.

• Source_project,主代码库项目(应用程序的源代码所在的项目)

• Test_project,测试套件项目(其中REQUIRES测试按上述问题列出)

• Main_project,您实际调用并运行源代码库中的代码的项目.

为了将原始的单项目解决方案转换为可以在两个测试中使用并正确运行的内容,您需要构建一个.lib或.dll那样的其他项目(包括其他人的项目)可以使用相同的代码.改变这个答案,所需要的只是

在解决方案资源管理器中右键单击您的项目,然后选择>属性....在配置属性 - >常规下,有一个名为配置类型的选项.如果将其更改为[静态库>(.lib)],则项目.lib在构建时将生成[ ].

然后在第3个项目中,main_project您从Win32控制台应用程序中获得了一个准确的设置,该应用程序仅包含一个类似于以下内容的文件:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "HEADER_FROM_FIRST_PROJECT.h"

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
   METHOD_FROM_FIRST_PROJECT();
   return 0;
}

从哪里导入头文件Source_project,我们创建的第一个项目(曾经是一个项目exe,但现在正在构建一个项目lib).但是这还没有运行,你需要将该Source_project目录添加到这个项目的其他目录中,右键单击解决方案资源管理器中的项目,在属性>配置属性> C/C++>常规>其他包含目录下,添加source_project列表中的文件夹.这将允许#include行自动搜索该目录以查找相应的文件,从而使您不必编写../source_project/HEADER_FROM_FIRST_PROJECT.h.

最后,最后一步是确保链接器能够实际找到您尝试包含的对象.因为我们正在构建一个 .lib,所以我们能够做到这一点而不是简单.在与之前相同的设置对话框中,在项目属性对话框中,我们将导航到配置属性>链接器>输入>附加依赖项,并添加source_project.lib文件的相对路径 ,这看起来像../Debug/source_project.lib.

请注意,如果.dll旧exe项目中有任何s,则需要将其移动到新项目中main_project.

另请注意,这对我来说都是非常新的,一些条款和信息必然是不正确的.

Answer 2

只需扫描您提供的链接,我认为您可能需要在文件顶部添加此行.

#define CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN  // This tells Catch to provide a main() - only do this in one cpp file

看起来您尝试链接的函数在#if defined CATCH_CONFIG_MAIN .... #endif预处理程序指令中.