PHP/MySQL:突出显示"SOUNDS LIKE"查询结果

Question

快速MYSQL/PHP问题.如果没有找到普通搜索查询的结果,我使用"不那么严格"的搜索查询作为后备,调整为:

foreach($find_array as $word) { 
  clauses[] = "(firstname SOUNDS LIKE '$word%' OR lastname SOUNDS LIKE '$word%')";
}
if (!empty($clauses)) $filter='('.implode(' AND ', $clauses).')';
$query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE $filter";

现在,我正在使用PHP来突出显示结果,例如:

foreach ($find_array as $term_to_highlight){
    foreach ($result as $key => $result_string){
        $result[$key]=highlight_stuff($result_string, $term_to_highlight);
    }
}

但是当我不知道要强调什么时,这种方法就会出现问题.有什么办法可以找出运行mysql查询时"声音相似"匹配的内容吗？

也就是说,如果有人搜索"Joan",我希望它突出显示"John".

Answer 1

请注意,SOUNDS LIKE这并不像您认为的那样有效.它不等同LIKE于MySQL,因为它不支持%通配符.

这意味着在搜索"John"时,您的查询将找不到"John David".如果这只是你的后备,这可能是可以接受的,但它并不理想.

所以这是一个不同的建议(可能需要改进); 首先使用PHPs soundex()函数来查找您要查找的关键字的soundex.

$soundex = soundex($word);
$soundexPrefix = substr($soundex, 0, 2); // first two characters of soundex
$sql = "SELECT lastname, firstname ".
    "FROM table WHERE SOUNDEX(lastname) LIKE '$soundexPrefix%' ".
    "OR SOUNDEX(firstname) LIKE '$soundexPrefix%'";

现在,您将拥有一个名词与名字相似的名字和姓氏的列表(这可能是很多条目,您可能希望增加用于搜索的soundex前缀的长度).然后,您可以计算每个单词的soundex与搜索词之间的Levenshtein距离,并按此排序.

其次,你应该在MySQL中查看参数化查询,以避免SQL注入错误.

Answer 2

SOUND LIKE条件只比较两个单词的SOUNDEX键,您可以使用PHP soundex()函数生成相同的键.

因此,如果找到匹配的行并且需要找出要突出显示的单词,则可以同时获取firstname和lastname,然后使用PHP查找哪个匹配并突出显示该单词.

我做这个代码只是为了试试这个.(不得不测试我的理论xD)

<?php
// A space seperated string of keywords, presumably from a search box somewhere.
$search_string = 'John Doe';

// Create a data array to contain the keywords and their matches.
// Keywords are grouped by their soundex keys.
$data = array();
foreach(explode(' ', $search_string) as $_word) {
    $data[soundex($_word)]['keywords'][] = $_word;
}

// Execute a query to find all rows matching the soundex keys for the words.
$soundex_list = "'". implode("','", array_keys($data)) ."'";
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname
        FROM   sounds_like
        WHERE  SOUNDEX(firstname) IN({$soundex_list})
        OR     SOUNDEX(lastname)  IN({$soundex_list})";
$sql_result = $dbLink->query($sql);

// Add the matches to their respective soundex key in the data array.
// This checks which word matched, the first or last name, and tags
// that word as the match so it can be highlighted later.
if($sql_result) {
    while($_row = $sql_result->fetch_assoc()) {
        foreach($data as $_soundex => &$_elem) {
            if(soundex($_row['firstname']) == $_soundex) {
                $_row['matches'] = 'firstname';
                $_elem['matches'][] = $_row;
            }
            else if(soundex($_row['lastname']) == $_soundex) {
                $_row['matches'] = 'lastname';
                $_elem['matches'][] = $_row;
            }
        }
    }
}

// Print the results as a simple text list.
header('content-type: text/plain');
echo "-- Possible results --\n";

foreach($data as $_group) {
    // Print the keywords for this group's soundex key.
    $keyword_list = "'". implode("', '", $_group['keywords']) ."'";
    echo "For keywords: {$keyword_list}\n";

    // Print all the matches for this group, if any.
    if(isset($_group['matches']) && count($_group['matches']) > 0) {
        foreach($_group['matches'] as $_match) {
            // Highlight the matching word by encapsulatin it in dashes.
            if($_match['matches'] == 'firstname') {
                $_match['firstname'] = "-{$_match['firstname']}-";
            }
            else {
                $_match['lastname'] = "-{$_match['lastname']}-";
            }

            echo " #{$_match['id']}: {$_match['firstname']} {$_match['lastname']}\n";
        }
    }
    else {
        echo " No matches.\n";
    }
}
?>

一个更通用的函数,从字符串中提取匹配的soundex单词可能如下所示:

<?php
/**
 * Attempts to find the first word in the $heystack that is a soundex
 * match for the $needle.
 */
function find_soundex_match($heystack, $needle) {
    $words = explode(' ', $heystack);
    $needle_soundex = soundex($needle);
    foreach($words as $_word) {
        if(soundex($_word) == $needle_soundex) {
            return $_word;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
?>

如果我理解正确,可以在您之前发布的代码中使用:

foreach ($find_array as $term_to_highlight){
    foreach ($result as $key => $result_string){
        $match_to_highlight = find_soundex_match($result_string, $term_to_highlight);
        $result[$key]=highlight_stuff($result_string, $match_to_highlight);
    }
}

这不会像第一个代码段中更具针对性的代码那样高效.