3种不同类型的JavaScript对象,有什么区别？

Question

我最近一直深入研究JavaScript并偶然发现了一个问题.

以下对象的实现有什么区别:

var myFunction1 = (function myFunction1() {})();

var myFunction2 = {}

var myFunction3 = function myFunction3() {}

或者使用三个实现的较长示例来执行完全相同的任务.

<script>
    var myFunction1 = (function myFunction1() {

      var _privateVar = 'Private var';
      this.publicVar = 'Public var';

      function init( newPrivate, newPublic) {
        _privateVar = newPrivate;
        this.publicVar = newPublic;
      }

      function getPrivateVar(){
        return _privateVar;
      }

      function setPrivateVar(string){
        _privateVar = string;
      }

      return {
        init: init,
        getPrivateVar: getPrivateVar,
        setPrivateVar: setPrivateVar
      }

    })();

    var myFunction2 = {

      _privateVar: 'Private var',
      publicVar: 'Public var',

      init: function init( newPrivate, newPublic) {
        this._privateVar = newPrivate;
        this.publicVar = newPublic;
      },

      getPrivateVar: function getPrivateVar(){
        return this._privateVar;
      },

      setPrivateVar: function setPrivateVar(string){
        this._privateVar = string;
      }

    }

    var myFunction3 = function myFunction3() {

      var _privateVar = 'Private var';
      this.publicVar = 'Public var';

      function init( newPrivate, newPublic) {
        _privateVar = newPrivate;
        this.publicVar = newPublic;
      }

      function getPrivateVar(){
        return _privateVar;
      }

      function setPrivateVar(string){
        _privateVar = string;
      }

      return {
        init: init,
        getPrivateVar: getPrivateVar,
        setPrivateVar: setPrivateVar
      }

    }

    var a, b, c;
    a = myFunction1;
    a.init('Private var updated', 'Public var updated');
    console.log('== A ==');
    console.log(a.publicVar); // Public var updated
    console.log(a._privateVar); // undefined
    console.log(a.getPrivateVar()); // Private var updated
    a.setPrivateVar('Private var is updated again');
    console.log(a.getPrivateVar()); // Private var is updated again

    b = myFunction2;
    b.init('Private var updated', 'Public var updated');
    console.log('== B ==');
    console.log(b.publicVar); // Public var updated
    console.log(b._privateVar); // Private var updated
    console.log(b.getPrivateVar()); // Private var updated
    b.setPrivateVar('Private var is updated again');
    console.log(b.getPrivateVar()); // Private var is updated again

    c = new myFunction3();
    c.init('Private var updated', 'Public var updated');
    console.log('== C ==');
    console.log(c.publicVar); // Public var updated
    console.log(c._privateVar); // undefined
    console.log(c.getPrivateVar()); // Private var updated
    c.setPrivateVar('Private var is updated again');
    console.log(c.getPrivateVar()); // Private var is updated again
</script>

我知道前两个例子是单例,最后一个允许我创建多个对象.但前两个有什么区别？或者它们是一样的,只是写得有点不同？

Answer 1

第一个示例创建一个函数myFunction1()并执行它，将结果（不是函数）存储在变量myFunction1\xe2\x80\x94 中，在这种情况下，名称首先 myFunction1包含一个函数，然后（一旦执​​行）它包含结果。

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myFunction2根本不是一个函数。括号{}是一个对象字面量，创建一个空对象。

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myFunction3是示例中唯一的函数。在这种情况下它什么也不做。

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