Flask重定向多条路线

Question

我正在尝试实现重定向模式,类似于StackOverflow的功能:

@route('/<int:id>/<username>/')
@route('/<int:id>/')
def profile(id, username=None):
    user = User.query.get_or_404(id)

    if user.clean_username != username:
        return redirect(url_for('profile', id=id, username=user.clean_username))

    return render_template('user/profile.html', user=user) 

这是一个应该发生什么的简单表格:

URL                         Redirects/points to
====================================================
/user/123                   /user/123/clean_username
/user/123/                  /user/123/clean_username
/user/123/foo               /user/123/clean_username
/user/123/clean_username    /user/123/clean_username
/user/123/clean_username/   /user/123/clean_username/
/user/125698                404

现在,我可以访问配置文件/user/1/foo,但/user/1产生一个BuildError.我已经尝试了alias=True关键字参数和一些东西defaults,但我不太确定什么是无效的.

我怎样才能让一条路线像这样重定向到另一条路线？

Answer 1

调试路由:

更新:解决主要问题"我的路线有什么问题",最简单的调试方法是使用app.url_map; 例如:

>>> app.url_map
Map([<Rule '/user/<id>/<username>/' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> profile>,
 <Rule '/static/<filename>' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> static>,
 <Rule '/user/<id>/' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> profile>])

在这种情况下,这确认端点已正确设置.这是一个展示plain flask和flask-classy::

from app import app, models
from flask import g, redirect, url_for, render_template, request
from flask.ext.classy import FlaskView, route

@app.route('/user/<int:id>', strict_slashes=False)
@app.route('/user/<int:id>/<username>', strict_slashes=False)
def profile(id, username=None):
    user = models.User.query.get_or_404(id)
    if user.clean_username != username:
        return redirect(url_for('profile', id=id, username=user.clean_username))
    return render_template('profile.html', user=user)

class ClassyUsersView(FlaskView):
    @route('/<int:id>', strict_slashes=False)
    @route('/<int:id>/<username>', strict_slashes=False, endpoint='classy_profile')
    def profile(self, id, username=None):
        user = models.User.query.get_or_404(id)
        if user.clean_username != username:
            return redirect(url_for('classy_profile', id=id, username=user.clean_username))
        return render_template('profile.html', user=user)

ClassyUsersView.register(app)

它们具有不同的端点,您需要考虑以下因素url_for:

>>> app.url_map
Map([<Rule '/classyusers/<id>/<username>' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> classy_profile>,
 <Rule '/user/<id>/<username>' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> profile>,
 <Rule '/classyusers/<id>' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> ClassyUsersView:profile_1>,
 <Rule '/static/<filename>' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> static>,
 <Rule '/user/<id>' (HEAD, OPTIONS, GET) -> profile>])

没有flask-classy端点的名称是函数名称,但正如您所知,这在使用时有所不同classy,您可以查看端点名称url_map()或在路径中指定它@route(..., endpoint='name').

减少重定向:

要在最小化重定向数量的同时响应您发布的网址,您需要使用strict_slashes=False,这将确保处理未以a终止的请求,/而不是通过301重定向到其/终止对应方式重定向它们:

@app.route('/user/<int:id>', strict_slashes=False)
@app.route('/user/<int:id>/<username>', strict_slashes=False)
def profile(id, username=None):
    user = models.User.query.get_or_404(id)
    if user.clean_username != username:
        return redirect(url_for('profile', id=id, username=user.clean_username))
    return render_template('profile.html', user=user)

这是结果:

>>> client = app.test_client()
>>> def check(url):
...     r = client.get(url)
...     return r.status, r.headers.get('location')
... 
>>> check('/user/123')
('302 FOUND', 'http://localhost/user/123/johndoe')
>>> check('/user/123/')
('302 FOUND', 'http://localhost/user/123/johndoe')
>>> check('/user/123/foo')
('302 FOUND', 'http://localhost/user/123/johndoe')
>>> check('/user/123/johndoe')
('200 OK', None)
>>> check('/user/123/johndoe/')
('200 OK', None)
>>> check('/user/125698')
('404 NOT FOUND', None)

行为strict_slashes:

with strict_slashes=False

URL                         Redirects/points to              # of redirects
===========================================================================
/user/123                   302 /user/123/clean_username          1
/user/123/                  302 /user/123/clean_username          1
/user/123/foo               302 /user/123/clean_username          1
/user/123/foo/              302 /user/123/clean_username          1
/user/123/clean_username    302 /user/123/clean_username          1
/user/123/clean_username/   200 /user/123/clean_username/         0
/user/125698                404

with strict_slashes=True (the default)
any non '/'-terminated urls redirect to their '/'-terminated counterpart

URL                         Redirects/points to              # of redirects
===========================================================================
/user/123                   301 /user/123/                        2
/user/123/foo               301 /user/123/foo/                    2
/user/123/clean_username    301 /user/123/clean_username/         1
/user/123/                  302 /user/123/clean_username/         1
/user/123/foo/              302 /user/123/clean_username/         1
/user/123/clean_username/   200 /user/123/clean_username/         0
/user/125698                404

example:
"/user/123/foo" not terminated with '/' -> redirects to "/user/123/foo/"
"/user/123/foo/" -> redirects to "/user/123/clean_username/"

我相信它确实与你的测试矩阵有关:)

Answer 2

你几乎得到了它.defaults是你想要的.下面是它的工作原理:

@route('/<int:id>/<username>/')
@route('/<int:id>/', defaults={'username': None})
def profile(id, username):
    user = User.query.get_or_404(id)

    if username is None or user.clean_username != username:
        return redirect(url_for('profile', id=id, username=user.clean_username))

    return render_template('user/profile.html', user=user)

defaults是一个dict默认值,用于不在规则中的所有路径参数.这里,在第二个路径装饰器username中,规则中没有参数,因此您必须将其设置为defaults.