Android studio:新项目与新模块

Question

Android studio:新项目与新模块

Pas*_*lis 136 android android-studio

Android Studio使用的概念modules,而Eclipse使用的其他IDE projects.但是,AS File菜单可以选择创建一个New Module以及一个new Project.

这两者有什么区别？

建议使用哪一个？

Answer 1

Ode*_*ner 166

KISS回答:

模块在Android的工作室就像一个项目在Eclipse中

项目在Android的工作室就像一个工作区在Eclipse中

这与接受的答案相矛盾,不是吗？ (17认同)
我自己一直在努力解决这个问题,虽然这似乎是概念性案例,但我很困惑.当我在Android Studio中创建一个新的"项目"时,我会看到一个向导,向我询问主题,ActionBar的使用,网格布局等.我原以为这些东西会留给模块.如果这些问题恰好如此,那么我将理解将相应的支持库添加到"项目"中,但在创建新模块时我也会看到相同的内容.相当混乱. (8认同)
我相信这是因为你得到了第一个新模块的设置...... (5认同)
你有一个观点,但是接受的答案只是注意到尝试使用android studio时的问题,好像它是eclipse.大多数寻找这个问题的人只需要知道什么是类比. (2认同)

Answer 2

Dal*_*mas 98

从文档(Android Studio基于Intellij IDEA):

无论您在IntelliJ IDEA中执行什么操作,都可以在项目环境中执行此操作.项目是一个代表完整软件解决方案的组织单位.

您的成品可能会被分解为一系列离散的,独立的模块,但它是一个项目定义,将它们组合在一起并将它们连接成一个更大的整体.

对于Android,它意味着每个应用程序一个项目,每个库和每个测试应用程序一个模块.

如果您尝试在同一个项目中构建多个应用程序,则会出现多个问题.这是可能的,但是如果你尝试(就像我一样),你会发现几乎所有东西都是为每个项目的单个应用程序而设计的.

例如,有一个"重建项目"的选项,这对于多个应用程序没有任何意义,许多其他项目设置将毫无用处,并且当您有多个存储库时,内置的VCS系统并不是很好.

这不是答案。错误的答案 (3认同)
@ LarsH,我将其改为:"每个主应用程序的项目" (2认同)
是的，为什么这是一个可以接受的答案？ (2认同)

Answer 3

Chu*_*ulo 32

一个项目在Android Studio中代表一个完整的Android应用程序.Android Studio项目包含一个或多个模块.

一个模块是你的应用程序,你可以构建,测试,调试或独立的组件.

模块包含应用程序的源代码和资源.

Answer 4

pul*_*ion 7

来自更新的文档 [2017]:

模块为应用程序的源代码,资源文件和应用程序级别设置提供容器,例如模块级构建文件和Android清单文件.每个模块都可以独立构建,测试和调试.

Android Studio使用模块可以轻松地将新设备添加到项目中.通过Android Studio中的几个简单步骤,您可以创建一个模块来包含特定于设备类型的代码,例如Android Wear或Android TV.Android Studio自动创建模块目录,例如源和资源目录,以及适用于设备类型的默认build.gradle文件.此外,Android Studio还会创建具有推荐构建配置的设备模块,例如使用Android电视模块的Leanback库.

例如:

手机和平板电脑模块
Android Wear模块
Android电视模块
玻璃模块

除此之外,您还可以拥有"本地库模块".比如说,您开发了一个帐户管理框架作为最终在您的应用程序中使用的库模块,您可以在同一个项目中将其作为一个单独的模块来实现.要在你的应用程序中包含它,你必须写一些像,

compile project(':mylibrary')

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文件说,

这声明了对名为"mylibrary"的Android库模块的依赖(此名称必须与在settings.gradle文件中定义为include的库名称匹配).它需要构建系统使用您的应用程序模块编译库模块,并在APK中包含生成的AAR文件.

最后,Intellij提到了有关模块配置文件的更多细节:

模块的配置信息存储在.iml模块文件中.默认情况下,此类文件位于模块的内容根文件夹中.

通常,开发团队.iml通过版本控制共享模块文件.

这个.iml文件看起来有点可怕.这是我项目的一个例子:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<module external.linked.project.id=":app" external.linked.project.path="$MODULE_DIR$" external.root.project.path="$MODULE_DIR$/.." external.system.id="GRADLE" external.system.module.group="LearnCity" external.system.module.version="unspecified" type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
  <component name="FacetManager">
    <facet type="android-gradle" name="Android-Gradle">
      <configuration>
        <option name="GRADLE_PROJECT_PATH" value=":app" />
      </configuration>
    </facet>
    <facet type="android" name="Android">
      <configuration>
        <option name="SELECTED_BUILD_VARIANT" value="debug" />
        <option name="ASSEMBLE_TASK_NAME" value="assembleDebug" />
        <option name="COMPILE_JAVA_TASK_NAME" value="compileDebugSources" />
        <afterSyncTasks>
          <task>generateDebugSources</task>
        </afterSyncTasks>
        <option name="ALLOW_USER_CONFIGURATION" value="false" />
        <option name="MANIFEST_FILE_RELATIVE_PATH" value="/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml" />
        <option name="RES_FOLDER_RELATIVE_PATH" value="/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver3/layout" />
        <option name="RES_FOLDERS_RELATIVE_PATH" value="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver3/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver3;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver2/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver2;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver1/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver1;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver0/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver0;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/learner/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/tutor/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/obsolete/layout;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/learner;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/tutor;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/obsolete;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res;file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/debug/res" />
        <option name="ASSETS_FOLDER_RELATIVE_PATH" value="/src/main/assets" />
      </configuration>
    </facet>
  </component>
  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" LANGUAGE_LEVEL="JDK_1_7" inherit-compiler-output="false">
    <output url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/classes/debug" />
    <output-test url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/classes/test/debug" />
    <exclude-output />
    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/r/debug" isTestSource="false" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/aidl/debug" isTestSource="false" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/buildConfig/debug" isTestSource="false" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/rs/debug" isTestSource="false" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/apt/debug" isTestSource="false" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/res/google-services/debug" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/res/rs/debug" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/res/resValues/debug" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/r/androidTest/debug" isTestSource="true" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/aidl/androidTest/debug" isTestSource="true" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/buildConfig/androidTest/debug" isTestSource="true" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/rs/androidTest/debug" isTestSource="true" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/source/apt/androidTest/debug" isTestSource="true" generated="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/res/rs/androidTest/debug" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/generated/res/resValues/androidTest/debug" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/debug/res" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/debug/resources" type="java-resource" />
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      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/debug/rs" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/debug/shaders" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/res" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/resources" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/assets" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/aidl" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/java" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/rs" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/testDebug/shaders" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver3/layout" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver3" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver2/layout" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver2" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver1/layout" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver1" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common/layout/ver0/layout" type="java-resource" />
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      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/learner/layout" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/tutor/layout" type="java-resource" />
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      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/common" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/learner" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/tutor" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts/obsolete" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res/layouts" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/res" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/resources" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/assets" type="java-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/aidl" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/java" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/rs" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/main/shaders" isTestSource="false" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/res" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/resources" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/assets" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/aidl" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/java" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/rs" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/androidTest/shaders" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/res" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/resources" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/assets" type="java-test-resource" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/aidl" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/java" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/rs" isTestSource="true" />
      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src/test/shaders" isTestSource="true" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/assets" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/blame" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/builds" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/classes" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/incremental" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/incremental-classes" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/incremental-runtime-classes" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/incremental-safeguard" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/incremental-verifier" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/instant-run-resources" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/instant-run-support" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/jniLibs" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/manifests" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/multi-dex" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/pre-dexed" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/reload-dex" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/res" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/restart-dex" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/rs" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/shaders" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/split-apk" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/symbols" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/intermediates/transforms" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/outputs" />
      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build/tmp" />
    </content>
    <orderEntry type="jdk" jdkName="Android API 25 Platform" jdkType="Android SDK" />
    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="google-http-client-android-1.22.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="firebase-analytics-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="firebase-core-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-auth-base-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="gson-2.8.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-tasks-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="constraint-layout-1.0.2" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="appengine-api-1.0-sdk-1.9.50" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="design-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="android-job-1.1.8" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="transition-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-base-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="multispinner-0.1.1" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-auth-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-core-ui-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="simpleratingbar-0.1.5" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-maps-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-location-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="firebase-iid-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-core-utils-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="jsr305-2.0.1" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-fragment-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" scope="TEST" name="multidex-instrumentation-1.0.1" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="constraint-layout-solver-1.0.2" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="androidannotations-api-3.2" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="java-uuid-generator-3.1.4" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="google-http-client-1.22.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="firebase-messaging-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="firebase-analytics-impl-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="firebase-common-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="eventbus-3.0.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="cat-1.0.5" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="play-services-basement-10.2.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-compat-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-v4-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="multidex-1.0.1" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" scope="TEST" name="hamcrest-core-1.3" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-media-compat-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" scope="TEST" name="junit-4.12" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="recyclerview-v7-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="appcompat-v7-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="animated-vector-drawable-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-annotations-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="support-vector-drawable-25.3.0" level="project" />
    <orderEntry type="module" module-name="backend" exported="" />
    <orderEntry type="library" exported="" name="android-android-25" level="project" />
  </component>
</module>

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