Go中的类似getopt的行为

Question

如何很好地解析程序参数列表并自动处理program [-d value] [--abc] [FILE1]Go中的"--help"和/或"--version"(例如" ")？

Answer 1

使用'flag'包:http://golang.org/pkg/flag/.但是,它不会做双击参数.没有任何东西可以完全模仿GNU getopt行为(但是.)

Answer 2

谷歌已经创建了一个getopt包(import "github.com/pborman/getopt"),它提供了更标准的命令行解析(与'flag'包相比).

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "github.com/pborman/getopt"
)

func main() {
    optName := getopt.StringLong("name", 'n', "", "Your name")
    optHelp := getopt.BoolLong("help", 0, "Help")
    getopt.Parse()

    if *optHelp {
        getopt.Usage()
        os.Exit(0)
    }

    fmt.Println("Hello " + *optName + "!")
}

 

$ ./hello --help
Usage: hello [--help] [-n value] [parameters ...]
     --help        Help
 -n, --name=value  Your name

$ ./hello --name Bob
Hello Bob!

Answer 3

从"命令行UI"部分,您有几个库可以解析getopt-long参数.

我试过Go1.0.2:

• 所述code.google.com/p/opts-go(参见它的文档),这是不太操作.
• 所述github.com/droundy/goopt(参见它的文档),其中有一组完整的示例.

例:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    goopt "github.com/droundy/goopt"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println("flag")
    goopt.NoArg([]string{"--abc"}, "abc param, no value", noabc)

    goopt.Description = func() string {
        return "Example program for using the goopt flag library."
    }
    goopt.Version = "1.0"
    goopt.Summary = "goopt demonstration program"
    goopt.Parse(nil)
}

func noabc() error {
    fmt.Println("You should have an --abc parameter")
    return nil
}

其他默认参数提供goopt:

 --help               Display the generated help message (calls Help())
 --create-manpage     Display a manpage generated by the goopt library (uses Author, Suite, etc)
 --list-options       List all known flags

Answer 4

我是为你而做的:

package main

import (
  "fmt";
  "os"
)

func main() {
  for i, arg := range os.Args {
    if arg == "-help" {
      fmt.Printf ("I need somebody\n")
    }else if arg == "-version" {
      fmt.Printf ("Version Zero\n")
    } else {
      fmt.Printf("arg %d: %s\n", i, os.Args[i])
    }
  }
}

另见https://play.golang.org/p/XtNXG-DhLI

测试:

$ ./8.out -help -version monkey business
I need somebody
Version Zero
arg 3: monkey
arg 4: business

Answer 5

go-flags非常完整,BSD许可,并有一个明确的例子.

var opts struct {
      DSomething string `short:"d" description:"Whatever this is" required:"true"`
      ABC bool `long:"abc" description:"Something"`
}

fileArgs, err := flags.Parse(&opts)

if err != nil {
    os.Exit(1)
}

Answer 6

另一个选项是Kingping,它支持您从现代命令行解析库中获得的所有标准好东西.它有--help多种格式,子命令,要求,类型,默认值等.它还在开发中.看起来这里的其他建议暂时没有更新.

package main

import (
  "os"
  "strings"
  "gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2"
)

var (
  app      = kingpin.New("chat", "A command-line chat application.")
  debug    = app.Flag("debug", "Enable debug mode.").Bool()
  serverIP = app.Flag("server", "Server address.").Default("127.0.0.1").IP()

  register     = app.Command("register", "Register a new user.")
  registerNick = register.Arg("nick", "Nickname for user.").Required().String()
  registerName = register.Arg("name", "Name of user.").Required().String()

  post        = app.Command("post", "Post a message to a channel.")
  postImage   = post.Flag("image", "Image to post.").File()
  postChannel = post.Arg("channel", "Channel to post to.").Required().String()
  postText    = post.Arg("text", "Text to post.").Strings()
)

func main() {
  switch kingpin.MustParse(app.Parse(os.Args[1:])) {
  // Register user
  case register.FullCommand():
    println(*registerNick)

  // Post message
  case post.FullCommand():
    if *postImage != nil {
    }
    text := strings.Join(*postText, " ")
    println("Post:", text)
  }
}

并--help输出:

$ chat --help
usage: chat [<flags>] <command> [<flags>] [<args> ...]

A command-line chat application.

Flags:
  --help              Show help.
  --debug             Enable debug mode.
  --server=127.0.0.1  Server address.

Commands:
  help [<command>]
    Show help for a command.

  register <nick> <name>
    Register a new user.

  post [<flags>] <channel> [<text>]
    Post a message to a channel.