通过calloc分配的多维数组

Question

我有一个关于如何分配内存的问题calloc.我看了一下这个问题,但它没有解决在动态分配二维数组的情况下如何分配内存的问题.

我想知道以下三种动态分配2D数组的方式之间的内存表示是否存在差异.

类型1:

double  **array1;
int ii;

array1 = calloc(10, sizeof(double *));
for(ii = 0; ii < 10; ii++) { 
   array1[ii] = calloc(10, sizeof(double));
}
// Then access array elements like array1[ii][jj]

类型2:

double  **array1;
int ii;

array1 = calloc(10 * 10, sizeof(double *));
// Then access array elements like array1[ii + 10*jj]

类型3:

double  **array1;
int ii;

array1 = malloc(10 * 10, sizeof(double *));
// Then access array elements like array1[ii + 10*jj]

从我所理解的calloc和malloc,最后两者之间的不同之处在于calloc将归零阵列中的所有元素,而malloc不会.但是前两种在内存中定义数组的方法是什么？

Answer 1

前两种在内存中定义数组的方法是什么？

不完全的.在第二种类型中,它们几乎肯定是连续的,而在第一种类型中,这是不确定的.

类型1:内存中表示将如下所示:

          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
    double| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |   
          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 
            ^
            |------------------------------------                                     
                .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   |    // ten rows of doubles
                                                -
          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--|+
    double| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0||   
          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--|+
            ^   .   .   .                       -
            |   ^   ^   ^   .   .   .   .   .   |
            |   |   |   |   ^   ^   ^   ^   ^   |
          +-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+
array1[ii]| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | // each cell points to ten doubles
          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
            ^
            |
            |
          +-|-+
    array1| | |
          +---+

类型2:内存中表示将如下所示:

          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+
    double| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ... | 0 |  
          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+
            ^   ^   ^   ^   ^   ^   ^   ^   ^   ^         ^
            |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |         |
            |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |         |
          +-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+-|-+     +-|-+
array1[ii]| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ... |99 | // each cell points to one double
          +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+     +---+
            ^
            |
            |
          +-|-+
    array1| | |
          +---+