从C#调用非托管代码 - 返回带数组的结构

Question

[编辑]我改变了斯蒂芬马丁建议的来源(以粗体突出显示).并添加了C++源代码.

我想在自编的C++ DLL中调用一个非托管函数.该库读取机器的共享内存,以获取第三方软件的状态信息.由于有几个值,我想在结构中返回值.但是,在结构中有char [](具有固定大小的char数组).我现在尝试从dll调用接收该结构,如下所示:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SYSTEM_OUTPUT
{
    UInt16 ReadyForConnect;        

    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
    String VersionStr;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 1024)]
    String NameOfFile;    
    // actually more of those
}

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public SYSTEM_OUTPUT output;

    [DllImport("testeshm.dll", EntryPoint="getStatus")]
    public extern static int getStatus(out SYSTEM_OUTPUT output);

    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();           

    }

    private void ReadSharedMem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            label1.Text = getStatus(out output).ToString();
        }
        catch (AccessViolationException ave)
        {
            label1.Text = ave.Message;
        }
    }
}

我也会发布c ++ dll中的代码,我相信还有更多需要追捕的地方.原始结构STATUS_DATA有一个由四个结构实例组成的数组,SYSTEM_CHARACTERISTICS并且在该结构中有char[]s,它们没有被填充(还),导致错误的指针.这就是我试图提取第一个SYSTEM_CHARACTERISTICS项目的子集的原因STATUS_DATA.

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <iostream>
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <windows.h>
#define DLL extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define DLL
#endif

using namespace std;

enum { SYSID_LEN = 1024, VERS_LEN = 128, SCENE_LEN = 1024 };
enum { MAX_ENGINES = 4 };

struct SYSTEM_CHARACTERISTICS
{
    unsigned short  ReadyForConnect;
    char            VizVersionStr[VERS_LEN];
    char            NameOfFile[SCENE_LEN];

    char            Unimplemented[SCENE_LEN]; // not implemented yet, resulting to bad pointer, which I want to exclude (reason to have SYSTEM_OUTPUT)
};

struct SYSTEM_OUTPUT
{
    unsigned short  ReadyForConnect;        
    char            VizVersionStr[VERS_LEN];
    char            NameOfFile[SCENE_LEN];
};

struct STATUS_DATA
{
    SYSTEM_CHARACTERISTICS engine[MAX_ENGINES];
};


TCHAR szName[]=TEXT("E_STATUS");


DLL int getStatus(SYSTEM_OUTPUT* output)
{
    HANDLE hMapFile;
    STATUS_DATA* pBuf;

    hMapFile = OpenFileMapping(
        FILE_MAP_READ,          // read access
        FALSE,                  // do not inherit the name
        szName);                // name of mapping object 

    if (hMapFile == NULL) 
    { 
        _tprintf(TEXT("Could not open file mapping object (%d).\n"), 
            GetLastError());
        return -2;

    } 

    pBuf = (STATUS_DATA*) MapViewOfFile(hMapFile, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);                                          

    if (pBuf == NULL) 
    { 
        _tprintf(TEXT("Could not map view of file (%d).\n"), 
            GetLastError()); 

        CloseHandle(hMapFile);  
        return -1;

    }

    output->ReadyForConnect = pBuf->engine[0].ReadyForConnect;              
    memcpy(output->VizVersionStr, pBuf->engine[0].VizVersionStr, sizeof(pBuf->engine[0].VizVersionStr));
    memcpy(output->NameOfFile, pBuf->engine[0].NameOfFile, sizeof(pBuf->engine[0].NameOfFile));

    CloseHandle(hMapFile);
    UnmapViewOfFile(pBuf);  

    return 0;
}

现在我得到一个空output结构,返回值不是按预期的0.这是一个七位数的变化数字,让我感到困惑......我搞砸了dll吗？如果我使非托管代码可执行并调试它,我可以看到,output正在填充适当的值.

Answer 1

当返回结构中的信息时，标准方法是将指向结构的指针作为方法的参数传递。该方法填充结构成员，然后返回某种状态代码（或布尔值）。因此，您可能想要更改 C++ 方法以获取 SYSTEM_OUTPUT* 并返回 0 表示成功或返回一些错误代码：

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public SYSTEM_OUTPUT output;

    [DllImport("testeshm.dll", EntryPoint="getStatus")]
    public extern static int getStatus(out SYSTEM_OUTPUT output);

    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();           
    }

    private void ReadSharedMem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        try
        {
            if(getStatus(out output) != 0)
            {
                //Do something about error.
            }
        }
        catch (AccessViolationException ave)
        {
            label1.Text = ave.Message;
        }
    }
}