Ubuntu 12.10 - Ruby gem rmagick缺少依赖性问题

Question

像许多其他人一样,我在运行bundle install时在Ubuntu上安装rmagick时遇到了麻烦.

我在bundle install命令上遇到这个错误:

Installing rmagick (2.13.1) 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p371/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
checking for Ruby version >= 1.8.5... yes
checking for gcc... yes
checking for Magick-config... no
Can't install RMagick 2.13.1. Can't find Magick-config in /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p371/bin:/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p371@global/bin:/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p371/bin:/usr/local/rvm/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p371/bin/ruby


Gem files will remain installed in /home/selfsale/.bundler/tmp/2908/gems/rmagick-2.13.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/selfsale/.bundler/tmp/2908/gems/rmagick-2.13.1/ext/RMagick/gem_make.out

An error occurred while installing rmagick (2.13.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install rmagick -v '2.13.1'` succeeds before bundling.

然后我做了一些搜索,并找到了一些添加缺少的库的建议:

sudo apt-get install libmagick9-dev:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package libmagick9-dev is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat

E: Package 'libmagick9-dev' has no installation candidate

sudo apt-get install graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat : Depends: libgraphicsmagick1-dev but it is not going to be installed
                                       Depends: libgraphicsmagick++1-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

sudo apt-get install libmagickwand-dev:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libmagickwand-dev : Depends: libmagickcore-dev (= 8:6.6.9.7-5ubuntu3.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

sudo apt-get install libmagickcore-dev:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libmagickcore-dev : Depends: libbz2-dev but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libfreetype6-dev but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libpng-dev
                     Depends: librsvg2-dev but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libwmf-dev but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libx11-dev but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libxext-dev but it is not going to be installed
                     Depends: libxt-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

sudo apt-get install libmagick ++ - dev:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libmagick++-dev : Depends: libmagickcore-dev (= 8:6.6.9.7-5ubuntu3.2) but it is not going to be installed
                   Depends: libmagickwand-dev (= 8:6.6.9.7-5ubuntu3.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

似乎任何安装正确软件包的尝试都会出现这个问题.

我刚看到一篇关于从源代码安装imagemagick的帖子,所以我打算尝试一下,但如果有人有任何更好的想法,我很乐意听到它们.

谢谢

Answer 1

我找到了解决方案:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

然后火:

sudo aptitude install graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat

当被问到时:

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
 Keep the following packages at their current version
1)     graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat [Not Installed]
2)     libexif-dev [Not Installed]
3)     libgraphicsmagick++1-dev [Not Installed]
4)     libgraphicsmagick1-dev [Not Installed]

答案:"n"

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n

在第二个问题:

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

 Downgrade the following packages: 
1) libexif12 [0.6.20-2ubuntu0.1 (now) -> 0.6.20-2 (precise)] 

答案:"Y"或按ENTER键

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]

等到任务结束;)

Answer 2

我刚刚在笔记本电脑上试过(Ubuntu 13.04).

gem install rmagick

也失败了.然后我做了

sudo apt-get install libmagick++-dev

和rmagick安装没有问题.

Answer 3

毕竟这个解决方案比之前显示的更重要,因为它删除了:

实:graphicsmagick-libmagick-DEV-COMPAT

但解决了问题(在'bundle install'中):

checking for wand/MagickWand.h... no

如我在提示中的第二个帖子类型中所示:

sudo aptitude install libmagickwand-dev

在:

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

  Keep the following packages at their current version
1)      libatk1.0-dev [Not Installed]
2)      libcairo2-dev [Not Installed]
3)      libexpat1-dev [Not Installed]
4)      libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev [Not Installed]
5)      libglib2.0-dev [Not Installed]
6)      libgraphviz-dev [Not Installed]
7)      libgtk2.0-dev [Not Installed]
8)      libmagickcore-dev [Not Installed]
9)      libmagickwand-dev [Not Installed]
10)     libpango1.0-dev [Not Installed]
11)     librsvg2-dev [Not Installed]

回答:

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n

在尖锐的:

以下操作将解决这些依赖关系:

  Remove the following packages: 
1 ) graphicsmagick-libmagick-dev-compat
Install the following packages:
2)libcairo-script-interpreter2 [1.10.2-6.1ubuntu2 (precise)]
[..]

答案:"Y"

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]

任务完成后,U可以轻松地'bundle install'在项目目录中运行.