whi*_*ant 6 java methods arraylist subclass superclass
嗨,我想知道我的问题是否有一个简单的解决方案,
我有一个ArrayList:
ArrayList <Animal> animalList = new ArrayList<Animal>();
/* I add some objects from subclasses of Animal */
animalList.add(new Reptile());
animalList.add(new Bird());
animalList.add(new Amphibian());
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
它们都实现了一种方法move()- 被叫Bird时的苍蝇move().我知道我可以通过使用它来访问超类的常用方法和属性
public void feed(Integer animalIndex) {
Animal aAnimal = (Animal) this.animalList.get(animalIndex);
aAnimal.eat();
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
这很好 - 但现在我想访问move()子类Bird具有的方法.我可以通过将以下内容转换Animal为Bird:
Bird aBird = (Bird) this.animalList.get(animalIndex);
aBird.move();
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
在我的情况下,我不想这样做,因为这意味着我有3个不同的上述代码集,每个子类型一个Animal.
这似乎有点多余,有更好的方法吗?
Mak*_*oto 12
从超类中确实没有很好的方法可以做到这一点,因为每个子类的行为都会有所不同.
要确保您实际调用适当的move方法,请Animal从超类更改为接口.然后,当您调用该move方法时,您将能够确保为所需的对象调用适当的移动方法.
如果您希望保留公共字段,那么您可以定义一个抽象类AnimalBase,并要求所有动物构建它,但每个实现都需要实现该Animal接口.
例:
public abstract class AnimalBase {
private String name;
private int age;
private boolean gender;
// getters and setters for the above are good to have here
}
public interface Animal {
public void move();
public void eat();
public void sleep();
}
// The below won't compile because the contract for the interface changed.
// You'll have to implement eat and sleep for each object.
public class Reptiles extends AnimalBase implements Animal {
public void move() {
System.out.println("Slither!");
}
}
public class Birds extends AnimalBase implements Animal {
public void move() {
System.out.println("Flap flap!");
}
}
public class Amphibians extends AnimalBase implements Animal {
public void move() {
System.out.println("Some sort of moving sound...");
}
}
// in some method, you'll be calling the below
List<Animal> animalList = new ArrayList<>();
animalList.add(new Reptiles());
animalList.add(new Amphibians());
animalList.add(new Birds());
// call your method without fear of it being generic
for(Animal a : animalList) {
a.move();
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)