SQL:从fullname字段解析first,middle和last名称

Question

如何使用SQL解析fullname字段中的第一个,中间名和最后一个名称？

我需要尝试匹配与全名不直接匹配的名称.我希望能够获取全名字段并将其分为第一,中间和姓氏.

数据不包含任何前缀或后缀.中间名是可选的.数据格式为"First Middle Last".

我对一些实用的解决方案感兴趣,让我90%的方式.如上所述,这是一个复杂的问题,所以我会单独处理特殊情况.

Answer 1

这是一个独立的示例,具有易于操作的测试数据.

在此示例中,如果您的名称包含三个以上的部分,则所有"额外"内容都将放入LAST_NAME字段中.对标识为"标题"的特定字符串例外,例如"DR","MRS"和"MR".

如果缺少中间名,那么您只能获得FIRST_NAME和LAST_NAME(MIDDLE_NAME将为NULL).

你可以将它粉碎成一个巨大的嵌套的SUBSTRING blob,但是可读性很难,就像在SQL中执行此操作一样.

编辑 - 处理以下特殊情况:

1 - NAME字段为NULL

2 - NAME字段包含前导/尾随空格

3 - 名称字段在名称中有> 1个连续空格

4 - NAME字段仅包含名字

5 - 为了便于阅读,将最终输出中的原始全名作为单独的列包括在内

6 - 将特定的前缀列表作为单独的"标题"列处理

SELECT
  FIRST_NAME.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
 ,FIRST_NAME.TITLE
 ,FIRST_NAME.FIRST_NAME
 ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
       THEN NULL  --no more spaces?  assume rest is the last name
       ELSE SUBSTRING(
                       FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME
                      ,1
                      ,CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)-1
                     )
       END AS MIDDLE_NAME
 ,SUBSTRING(
             FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME
            ,1 + CHARINDEX(' ',FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
            ,LEN(FIRST_NAME.REST_OF_NAME)
           ) AS LAST_NAME
FROM
  (  
  SELECT
    TITLE.TITLE
   ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)
         THEN TITLE.REST_OF_NAME --No space? return the whole thing
         ELSE SUBSTRING(
                         TITLE.REST_OF_NAME
                        ,1
                        ,CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)-1
                       )
    END AS FIRST_NAME
   ,CASE WHEN 0 = CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)  
         THEN NULL  --no spaces @ all?  then 1st name is all we have
         ELSE SUBSTRING(
                         TITLE.REST_OF_NAME
                        ,CHARINDEX(' ',TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)+1
                        ,LEN(TITLE.REST_OF_NAME)
                       )
    END AS REST_OF_NAME
   ,TITLE.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
  FROM
    (   
    SELECT
      --if the first three characters are in this list,
      --then pull it as a "title".  otherwise return NULL for title.
      CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3) IN ('MR ','MS ','DR ','MRS')
           THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3)))
           ELSE NULL
           END AS TITLE
      --if you change the list, don't forget to change it here, too.
      --so much for the DRY prinicple...
     ,CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,1,3) IN ('MR ','MS ','DR ','MRS')
           THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME,4,LEN(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME))))
           ELSE LTRIM(RTRIM(TEST_DATA.FULL_NAME))
           END AS REST_OF_NAME
     ,TEST_DATA.ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
    FROM
      (
      SELECT
        --trim leading & trailing spaces before trying to process
        --disallow extra spaces *within* the name
        REPLACE(REPLACE(LTRIM(RTRIM(FULL_NAME)),'  ',' '),'  ',' ') AS FULL_NAME
       ,FULL_NAME AS ORIGINAL_INPUT_DATA
      FROM
        (
        --if you use this, then replace the following
        --block with your actual table
              SELECT 'GEORGE W BUSH' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'SUSAN B ANTHONY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'ALEXANDER HAMILTON' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'OSAMA BIN LADEN JR' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'MARTIN J VAN BUREN SENIOR III' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'TOMMY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'BILLY' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT NULL AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' ' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT '    JOHN  JACOB     SMITH' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' DR  SANJAY       GUPTA' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT 'DR JOHN S HOPKINS' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' MRS  SUSAN ADAMS' AS FULL_NAME
        UNION SELECT ' MS AUGUSTA  ADA   KING ' AS FULL_NAME      
        ) RAW_DATA
      ) TEST_DATA
    ) TITLE
  ) FIRST_NAME

Answer 2

如果不知道"全名"是如何格式化的,很难回答.

它可以是"姓氏,名字中间名"或"名字中间名"等.

基本上你必须使用SUBSTRING功能

SUBSTRING ( expression , start , length )

也许是CHARINDEX功能

CHARINDEX (substr, expression)

计算要提取的每个零件的起点和长度.

所以我们可以说格式是"名字姓"你可以(未经测试......但应该关闭):

SELECT 
SUBSTRING(fullname, 1, CHARINDEX(' ', fullname) - 1) AS FirstName, 
SUBSTRING(fullname, CHARINDEX(' ', fullname) + 1, len(fullname)) AS LastName
FROM YourTable

Answer 3

反转问题,添加列以保存各个部分并将它们组合以获取全名.

这将是最好的答案的原因是,没有保证的方法来确定一个人已经注册为他们的名字,他们的中间名是什么.

例如,你会如何拆分？

Jan Olav Olsen Heggelien

这虽然是虚构的,但在挪威是一个合法的名称,可以,但不一定要像这样拆分:

First name: Jan Olav
Middle name: Olsen
Last name: Heggelien

或者,像这样:

First name: Jan Olav
Last name: Olsen Heggelien

或者,像这样:

First name: Jan
Middle name: Olav
Last name: Olsen Heggelien

我想在大多数语言中都可以找到类似的出现.

因此,不要试图解释没有足够信息来正确解读的数据,而是存储正确的解释,然后组合起来获取全名.

Answer 4

除非你有非常非常好的数据,否则这是一项非常重要的挑战.一种天真的方法是在空格上进行标记化,并假设三个标记结果是[第一个,中间的,最后一个],并且双标记结果是[第一个,最后一个],但是你将不得不处理多个单词姓氏(例如"Van Buren")和多个中间名.

Answer 5

另一种简单的方法是使用parsename：

select full_name,
   parsename(replace(full_name, ' ', '.'), 3) as FirstName,
   parsename(replace(full_name, ' ', '.'), 2) as MiddleName,
   parsename(replace(full_name, ' ', '.'), 1) as LastName 
from YourTableName

资源