如何在jFrame上布局多个面板？(Java)的

Question

我正在制作自己的Java套接字游戏.我的游戏在全屏幕上绘画都很好(在这里它说"在这里绘制图形",但我现在正在绘制整个jframe).我想添加一个带滚动条的文本框,用于仅显示文本,不接受任何输入和另一个文本框以从用户接收文本输入,然后添加按钮发送文本,以进行聊天.但在我的问题上,我怎么开始说出来呢？我知道我需要一个布局,但有人可以帮我吗？这是我目前的代码(此代码此刻仅设置绘制到整个屏幕,现在需要将屏幕分割起来,如上图所示):

public class Setup extends JFrame implements Runnable{
     JPanel panel;
     JFrame window;
     public Setup(Starter start, JFrame window){
         window.setSize(600,500);
         window.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
         window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         window.setResizable(false);
         panel = new Display(start);
         this.window = window;
     }
     public void run(){
         window.getContentPane().add(panel);
         window.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
         window.setVisible(true);
     }
}

"new Display(start)" - 这扩展了jpanel,它基本上是我绘制所有图形的明智之处.

另外,我见过人们添加不同的面板,但我不能让它们大小相同.就像在图片中一样,"paint graphics here"面板是最大的面板,依此类推.

Answer 1

在JPanel实际上仅仅是一个容器,你可以把不同的元素在它(甚至其他JPanels).所以在你的情况下,我会建议一个大的,JPanel作为你的窗口的某种主要容器.这主要面板您指定一个Layout适合您的需要(这里是介绍了布局).

将布局设置到主面板后,您可以添加绘画面板和所需的其他JPanel(如带有文本的那些..).

  JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
  mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

  JPanel paintPanel = new JPanel();
  JPanel textPanel = new JPanel();

  mainPanel.add(paintPanel);
  mainPanel.add(textPanel);

这只是一个垂直排序所有子面板的示例(Y轴).因此,如果你想在mainPanel的底部(可能是一些图标或按钮)需要使用其他布局(如水平布局)组织其他东西,只需再次创建一个新的JPanel作为所有其他东西和集合的容器setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.X_AXIS).

正如您将发现的那样,布局非常严格,可能很难找到面板的最佳布局.所以不要放弃,阅读介绍(上面的链接),看看图片 - 这就是我做的:)

或者您可以使用NetBeans编写程序.在那里你有一个非常简单的可视化编辑器(拖放)来创建各种Windows和帧.(之后只了解代码......有时候很棘手.)

编辑

由于有很多人对这个问题感兴趣,我想提供一个完整的例子,说明如何布局JFrame以使其看起来像OP想要的那样.

该类称为MyFrame,并扩展了Swing JFrame

public class MyFrame extends javax.swing.JFrame{

    // these are the components we need.
    private final JSplitPane splitPane;  // split the window in top and bottom
    private final JPanel topPanel;       // container panel for the top
    private final JPanel bottomPanel;    // container panel for the bottom
    private final JScrollPane scrollPane; // makes the text scrollable
    private final JTextArea textArea;     // the text
    private final JPanel inputPanel;      // under the text a container for all the input elements
    private final JTextField textField;   // a textField for the text the user inputs
    private final JButton button;         // and a "send" button

    public MyFrame(){

        // first, lets create the containers:
        // the splitPane devides the window in two components (here: top and bottom)
        // users can then move the devider and decide how much of the top component
        // and how much of the bottom component they want to see.
        splitPane = new JSplitPane();

        topPanel = new JPanel();         // our top component
        bottomPanel = new JPanel();      // our bottom component

        // in our bottom panel we want the text area and the input components
        scrollPane = new JScrollPane();  // this scrollPane is used to make the text area scrollable
        textArea = new JTextArea();      // this text area will be put inside the scrollPane

        // the input components will be put in a separate panel
        inputPanel = new JPanel();
        textField = new JTextField();    // first the input field where the user can type his text
        button = new JButton("send");    // and a button at the right, to send the text

        // now lets define the default size of our window and its layout:
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400, 400));     // let's open the window with a default size of 400x400 pixels
        // the contentPane is the container that holds all our components
        getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout());  // the default GridLayout is like a grid with 1 column and 1 row,
        // we only add one element to the window itself
        getContentPane().add(splitPane);               // due to the GridLayout, our splitPane will now fill the whole window

        // let's configure our splitPane:
        splitPane.setOrientation(JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT);  // we want it to split the window verticaly
        splitPane.setDividerLocation(200);                    // the initial position of the divider is 200 (our window is 400 pixels high)
        splitPane.setTopComponent(topPanel);                  // at the top we want our "topPanel"
        splitPane.setBottomComponent(bottomPanel);            // and at the bottom we want our "bottomPanel"

        // our topPanel doesn't need anymore for this example. Whatever you want it to contain, you can add it here
        bottomPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(bottomPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); // BoxLayout.Y_AXIS will arrange the content vertically

        bottomPanel.add(scrollPane);                // first we add the scrollPane to the bottomPanel, so it is at the top
        scrollPane.setViewportView(textArea);       // the scrollPane should make the textArea scrollable, so we define the viewport
        bottomPanel.add(inputPanel);                // then we add the inputPanel to the bottomPanel, so it under the scrollPane / textArea

        // let's set the maximum size of the inputPanel, so it doesn't get too big when the user resizes the window
        inputPanel.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 75));     // we set the max height to 75 and the max width to (almost) unlimited
        inputPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(inputPanel, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));   // X_Axis will arrange the content horizontally

        inputPanel.add(textField);        // left will be the textField
        inputPanel.add(button);           // and right the "send" button

        pack();   // calling pack() at the end, will ensure that every layout and size we just defined gets applied before the stuff becomes visible
    }

    public static void main(String args[]){
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable(){
            @Override
            public void run(){
                new MyFrame().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
}

请注意,这只是一个示例,布局窗口有多种方法.这一切都取决于您的需求,以及您是否希望内容可以调整大小/响应.另一个非常好的方法是GridBagLayout,它可以处理相当复杂的布局,但是学习起来也很复杂.