为什么emplace_back需要移动构造函数

Question

我有以下代码:

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

class Test final {
public:
  Test(const std::string& s)
    : s_(s) {
    std::cout << "constructing: " << s_ << std::endl;
  }
#ifdef NO_MOVE
private:
  Test(const Test& t) = delete;
  Test(Test&& t) = delete;
#else
public:
  Test(const Test& t)
    : s_(t.s_) {
    std::cout << "copying: " << s_ << std::endl;
  };
  Test(Test&& t)
    : s_(std::move(t.s_)) {
    std::cout << "moving: " << s_ << std::endl;
  };
#endif
private:
  std::string s_;
};

int main() {
  std::vector<Test> v;
  v.emplace_back("emplace_back");
}

当允许移动构造函数时,会发生以下情况:

[matt test] g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp && ./a.out
constructing: emplace_back

但是,如果删除了移动构造函数:

[matt test] g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp -DNO_MOVE && ./a.out
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_construct.h: In instantiation of ‘void std::_Construct(_T1*, _Args&& ...) [with _T1 = Test; _Args = {Test}]’:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:77:3:   required from ‘static _ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy<_TrivialValueTypes>::__uninit_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::move_iterator<Test*>; _ForwardIterator = Test*; bool _TrivialValueTypes = false]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:119:41:   required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::uninitialized_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = std::move_iterator<Test*>; _ForwardIterator = Test*]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:260:63:   required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, std::allocator<_Tp>&) [with _InputIterator = std::move_iterator<Test*>; _ForwardIterator = Test*; _Tp = Test]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:283:69:   required from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_move_if_noexcept_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, _Allocator&) [with _InputIterator = Test*; _ForwardIterator = Test*; _Allocator = std::allocator<Test>]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/vector.tcc:410:6:   required from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_emplace_back_aux(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const char (&)[13]}; _Tp = Test; _Alloc = std::allocator<Test>]’
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/vector.tcc:102:4:   required from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::emplace_back(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {const char (&)[13]}; _Tp = Test; _Alloc = std::allocator<Test>]’
main.cpp:32:32:   required from here
main.cpp:14:3: error: ‘Test::Test(Test&&)’ is private
In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/vector:63:0,
                 from main.cpp:2:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_construct.h:77:7: error: within this context
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/../../../../include/c++/4.7.2/bits/stl_construct.h:77:7: error: use of deleted function ‘Test::Test(Test&&)’
main.cpp:14:3: error: declared here

但是emplace_back不使用移动构造函数.为什么初始化需要在这个实例中使用移动构造函数？

Answer 1

正如问题后的评论中所指定的那样.该emplace_back运营商可能需要重新分配容器内存,这样的vector模板类型必须复制或移动施工的.

这不是转发参数,而是为新对象分配内存的问题.