Django数据库设置"配置不正确"错误

Question

Django的(1.5)是干活的对我很好,但是当我火了Python解释器(Python 3中),检查一些东西,我得到当我尝试导入最奇怪的错误- from django.contrib.auth.models import User-

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 36, in _setup
    settings_module = os.environ[ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE]
  File "/usr/lib/python3.2/os.py", line 450, in __getitem__
    value = self._data[self.encodekey(key)]
KeyError: b'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 8, in <module>
    from django.db import models
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    if settings.DATABASES and DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS not in settings.DATABASES:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 52, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.2/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 45, in _setup
    % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, 
  but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment 
  variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() 
  before accessing settings.

如果它在Python解释器之外正常工作,它怎么可能被错误配置？在我的Django设置中,DATABASES设置为:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': 'django_db', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        # The following settings are not used with sqlite3:
        'USER': 'zamphatta',
        'PASSWORD': 'mypassword91',
        'HOST': '', # Empty for localhost through domain sockets or '127.0.0.1' for localhost through TCP.
        'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default.
    }
}

......这是如何配置不当的？

Answer 1

你不能只是启动Python并检查事物,Django不知道你想要做什么项目.你必须做以下事情之一:

• 使用 python manage.py shell
• 使用django-admin.py shell --settings=mysite.settings(或您使用的任何设置模块)
• DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE在您的操作系统中设置环境变量mysite.settings

• (这在Django 1.6中被删除)setup_environ在python解释器中使用:

  from django.core.management import setup_environ
  from mysite import settings
  
  setup_environ(settings)
  

当然,第一种方式是最简单的方法.

Answer 2

在你的python shell/ipython中:

from django.conf import settings

settings.configure()

Answer 3

2017年,django 1.11.5和python 3.6:

import django
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
django.setup()

在.py其中你把这个代码应该是在mysite(父之一)

Answer 4

在Django 1.9上,我尝试了django-admin runserver并得到了同样的错误,但是当我使用'python manage.py runserver'时,我得到了预期的结果.这可能会为很多人解决这个错误!