枚举类的运算符的实现

Som*_*ame 32 c++ operator-overloading c++11 enum-class

在讨论了"枚举类"的增量和减量之后,我想问一下enum class类型的算术运算符的可能实现.

原始问题的示例:

enum class Colors { Black, Blue, White, END_OF_LIST };

// Special behavior for ++Colors
Colors& operator++( Colors &c ) {
  c = static_cast<Colors>( static_cast<int>(c) + 1 );
  if ( c == Colors::END_OF_LIST )
    c = Colors::Black;
  return c;
}
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有没有办法实现算术运算符而不转换为已定义运算符的类型?我想不出任何东西,但是铸造困扰着我.演员通常表示出现了错误,并且必须有充分的理由让他们使用.我希望语言允许在不强制使用特定类型的情况下实现运算符.

2018年12月更新:其中一篇关于C++ 17的论文似乎至少部分地通过允许枚举类变量和基础类型之间的转换来解决这个问题:http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/文档/文件/ 2016/p0138r2.pdf

Syn*_*xis 31

无投射解决方案是使用开关.但是,您可以使用模板生成伪开关.原理是使用模板列表(或参数包)递归处理枚举的所有值.所以,我找到了3种方法.

测试枚举:

enum class Fruit
{
    apple,
    banana,
    orange,
    pineapple,
    lemon
};
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香草开关(住在这里):

Fruit& operator++(Fruit& f)
{
    switch(f)
    {
        case Fruit::apple:     return f = Fruit::banana;
        case Fruit::banana:    return f = Fruit::orange;
        case Fruit::orange:    return f = Fruit::pineapple;
        case Fruit::pineapple: return f = Fruit::lemon;
        case Fruit::lemon:     return f = Fruit::apple;
    }
}
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C++ 03-ish方法(住在这里):

template<typename E, E v>
struct EnumValue
{
    static const E value = v;
};

template<typename h, typename t>
struct StaticList
{
    typedef h head;
    typedef t tail;
};

template<typename list, typename first>
struct CyclicHead
{
    typedef typename list::head item;
};

template<typename first>
struct CyclicHead<void,first>
{
    typedef first item;
};

template<typename E, typename list, typename first = typename list::head>
struct Advance
{
    typedef typename list::head lh;
    typedef typename list::tail lt;
    typedef typename CyclicHead<lt, first>::item next;

    static void advance(E& value)
    {
        if(value == lh::value)
            value = next::value;
        else
            Advance<E, typename list::tail, first>::advance(value);
    }
};

template<typename E, typename f>
struct Advance<E,void,f>
{
    static void advance(E& value)
    {
    }
};

/// Scalable way, C++03-ish
typedef StaticList<EnumValue<Fruit,Fruit::apple>,
        StaticList<EnumValue<Fruit,Fruit::banana>,
        StaticList<EnumValue<Fruit,Fruit::orange>,
        StaticList<EnumValue<Fruit,Fruit::pineapple>,
        StaticList<EnumValue<Fruit,Fruit::lemon>,
        void
> > > > > Fruit_values;

Fruit& operator++(Fruit& f)
{
    Advance<Fruit, Fruit_values>::advance(f);
    return f;
}
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C++ 11-ish方法(住在这里):

template<typename E, E first, E head>
void advanceEnum(E& v)
{
    if(v == head)
        v = first;
}

template<typename E, E first, E head, E next, E... tail>
void advanceEnum(E& v)
{
    if(v == head)
        v = next;
    else
        advanceEnum<E,first,next,tail...>(v);
}

template<typename E, E first, E... values>
struct EnumValues
{
    static void advance(E& v)
    {
        advanceEnum<E, first, first, values...>(v);
    }
};

/// Scalable way, C++11-ish
typedef EnumValues<Fruit,
        Fruit::apple,
        Fruit::banana,
        Fruit::orange,
        Fruit::pineapple,
        Fruit::lemon
> Fruit_values11;

Fruit& operator++(Fruit& f)
{
    Fruit_values11::advance(f);
    return f;
}
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(C++ 11-old旧版)

您可以通过添加一些预处理器来扩展,以消除重复值列表的需要.


Yak*_*ont 5

枚举 C++ 中的每个运算符都可以在不强制转换为基础类型的情况下编写,但结果会非常冗长。

举个例子:

size_t index( Colors c ) {
  switch(c) {
    case Colors::Black: return 0;
    case Colors::Blue: return 1;
    case Colors::White: return 2;
  }
}
Color indexd_color( size_t n ) {
  switch(n%3) {
    case 0: return Colors::Black;
    case 1: return Colors::Blue;
    case 2: return Colors::White;
  }
}
Colors increment( Colors c, size_t n = 1 ) {
  return indexed_color( index(c) + n );
}
Colors decrement( Colors c, size_t n = 1 ) {
  return indexed_color( index(c)+3 - (n%3) );
}
Colors& operator++( Colors& c ) {
  c = increment(c)
  return c;
}
Colors operator++( Colors& c, bool ) {
  Colors retval = c;
  c = increment(c)
  return retval;
}
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智能编译器将能够将这些转换为直接基于基本整数类型的操作。

但是在你的接口中enum class转换为基本的整数类型并不是一件坏事。操作符是您的enum class.

如果你不喜欢那个循环size_t并认为它是假的,你可以这样写:

Colors increment( Colors c ) {
  switch(c) {
    case Colors::Black: return Colors::Blue;
    case Colors::Blue: return Colors::White;
    case Colors::White: return Colors::Black;
  }
}
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和类似地为 decrement,并实现 increment-by-n作为重复的循环increment