如何在Python请求中禁用安全证书检查

Question

我在用

import requests
requests.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

但是我收到了request.exceptions.SSLError.该网站有一个过期的证书,但我没有发送敏感数据,所以对我来说无关紧要.我想我可以使用像'verifiy = False'这样的论点,但我似乎无法找到它.

Answer 1

从文档:

如果设置verify为False,请求也可以忽略验证SSL证书 .

>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False)
<Response [200]>

如果您正在使用第三方模块并且想要禁用检查,那么这是一个上下文管理器,requests它会修改并更改它,这verify=False是默认设置并禁止警告.

import warnings
import contextlib

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning


old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings

@contextlib.contextmanager
def no_ssl_verification():
    opened_adapters = set()

    def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert):
        # Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close
        # all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of
        # verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager.
        opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url))

        settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert)
        settings['verify'] = False

        return settings

    requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings

    try:
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning)
            yield
    finally:
        requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings

        for adapter in opened_adapters:
            try:
                adapter.close()
            except:
                pass

以及如何使用它的示例:

with no_ssl_verification():
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
    print('It works')

    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
    print('Even if you try to force it to')

requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=False)
print('It resets back')

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = True

with no_ssl_verification():
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/', verify=True)
    print('Works even here')

try:
    requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks')

try:
    session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.com/')
except requests.exceptions.SSLError:
    print('It breaks here again')

Answer 2

使用requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings().

import requests
from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning

# Suppress only the single warning from urllib3 needed.
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(category=InsecureRequestWarning)

# Set `verify=False` on `requests.post`.
requests.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'}, verify=False)

Answer 3

也可以从环境变量中完成：

export CURL_CA_BUNDLE=""

Answer 4

要添加到Blender的答案,您可以为所有使用的请求禁用SSLSession.verify = False

import requests

session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.post(url='https://foo.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

请注意urllib3,(请求使用的)强烈建议不要进行未经验证的HTTPS请求,并且会引发InsecureRequestWarning.

Answer 5

如果您正在编写爬虫并且确实不关心 SSL 证书，您可以将其设置为全局：

import ssl

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

不要在生产中使用

编辑，评论来自@Misty

不工作。Requests 现在使用urllib3，它创建自己的 SSLContext。您可以改为覆盖 cert_reqs

ssl.SSLContext.verify_mode = property(lambda self: ssl.CERT_NONE, lambda self, newval: None)

Answer 6

什么对我verify=False有用

由于存在一个错误，因此在设置 环境变量 ( ) 时session.verify=False会urllib*忽略这一点。所以我们将其设置为空。
CURL_CA_BUNDLE

import requests, os
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
session.trust_env = False
os.environ['CURL_CA_BUNDLE']="" # or whaever other is interfering with 
session.post(url='https://example.com', data={'bar':'baz'})

不确定我需要trust_env

Answer 7

如果您想使用verify = False选项发送准确的发布请求，最快的方法是使用以下代码：

import requests

requests.api.request('post', url, data={'bar':'baz'}, json=None, verify=False)