Ben*_*ers 105 c++ executable boost
我知道之前已经问过这个问题,但我还没有看到一个令人满意的答案,或者一个明确的"不,这不可能完成",所以我再问一次!
我想做的就是以独立于平台的方式获取当前运行的可执行文件的路径,作为绝对路径或相对于调用可执行文件的位置.我虽然boost :: filesystem :: initial_path是我的麻烦的答案,但似乎只处理问题的'平台无关'部分 - 它仍然返回调用应用程序的路径.
对于一些背景,这是一个使用Ogre的游戏,我试图使用Very Sleepy进行配置,它从自己的目录运行目标可执行文件,所以当然在加载时游戏找不到配置文件等,并立即崩溃.我希望能够将它传递给配置文件的绝对路径,我知道配置文件将始终与可执行文件一起存在.在Visual Studio中进行调试也是如此 - 我希望能够运行$(TargetPath)而无需设置工作目录.
Duc*_*uck 78
我知道没有跨平台的方式.
对于Linux:readlink/proc/self/exe
Windows:GetModuleFileName
Ben*_*Key 32
该升压:: DLL :: program_location功能是获取运行可执行程序,我知道的路径的最好的跨平台的方法之一.DLL库已在版本1.61.0中添加到Boost中.
以下是我的解决方案.我已在Windows,Mac OS X,Solaris,Free BSD和GNU/Linux上测试过它.
它需要Boost 1.55.0或更高版本.它直接使用Boost.Filesystem库,间接使用Boost.Locale库和Boost.System库.
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <boost/predef.h>
#include <boost/version.hpp>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
#if (BOOST_VERSION > BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(1,64,0))
# include <boost/process.hpp>
#endif
#if (BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
# include <Windows.h>
#endif
#include <boost/executable_path.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/executable_path_internals.hpp>
namespace boost {
#if (BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
typedef std::vector<char>::size_type size_type;
char_vector buf(1024, 0);
size_type size = buf.size();
bool havePath = false;
bool shouldContinue = true;
do
{
DWORD result = GetModuleFileNameA(nullptr, &buf[0], size);
DWORD lastError = GetLastError();
if (result == 0)
{
shouldContinue = false;
}
else if (result < size)
{
havePath = true;
shouldContinue = false;
}
else if (
result == size
&& (lastError == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER || lastError == ERROR_SUCCESS)
)
{
size *= 2;
buf.resize(size);
}
else
{
shouldContinue = false;
}
} while (shouldContinue);
if (!havePath)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
// On Microsoft Windows, there is no need to call boost::filesystem::canonical or
// boost::filesystem::path::make_preferred. The path returned by GetModuleFileNameA
// is the one we want.
std::string ret = &buf[0];
return ret;
}
#elif (BOOST_OS_MACOS)
# include <mach-o/dyld.h>
std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
char_vector buf(1024, 0);
uint32_t size = static_cast<uint32_t>(buf.size());
bool havePath = false;
bool shouldContinue = true;
do
{
int result = _NSGetExecutablePath(&buf[0], &size);
if (result == -1)
{
buf.resize(size + 1);
std::fill(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), 0);
}
else
{
shouldContinue = false;
if (buf.at(0) != 0)
{
havePath = true;
}
}
} while (shouldContinue);
if (!havePath)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
std::string path(&buf[0], size);
boost::system::error_code ec;
boost::filesystem::path p(
boost::filesystem::canonical(path, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
{
return p.make_preferred().string();
}
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
#elif (BOOST_OS_SOLARIS)
# include <stdlib.h>
std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
std::string ret = getexecname();
if (ret.empty())
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
boost::filesystem::path p(ret);
if (!p.has_root_directory())
{
boost::system::error_code ec;
p = boost::filesystem::canonical(
p, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec);
if (ec.value() != boost::system::errc::success)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
ret = p.make_preferred().string();
}
return ret;
}
#elif (BOOST_OS_BSD)
# include <sys/sysctl.h>
std::string executable_path(const char* argv0)
{
typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
int mib[4]{0};
size_t size;
mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PATHNAME;
mib[3] = -1;
int result = sysctl(mib, 4, nullptr, &size, nullptr, 0);
if (-1 == result)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
char_vector buf(size + 1, 0);
result = sysctl(mib, 4, &buf[0], &size, nullptr, 0);
if (-1 == result)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
std::string path(&buf[0], size);
boost::system::error_code ec;
boost::filesystem::path p(
boost::filesystem::canonical(
path, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
{
return p.make_preferred().string();
}
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
#elif (BOOST_OS_LINUX)
# include <unistd.h>
std::string executable_path(const char *argv0)
{
typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
typedef std::vector<char>::size_type size_type;
char_vector buf(1024, 0);
size_type size = buf.size();
bool havePath = false;
bool shouldContinue = true;
do
{
ssize_t result = readlink("/proc/self/exe", &buf[0], size);
if (result < 0)
{
shouldContinue = false;
}
else if (static_cast<size_type>(result) < size)
{
havePath = true;
shouldContinue = false;
size = result;
}
else
{
size *= 2;
buf.resize(size);
std::fill(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), 0);
}
} while (shouldContinue);
if (!havePath)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
std::string path(&buf[0], size);
boost::system::error_code ec;
boost::filesystem::path p(
boost::filesystem::canonical(
path, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
{
return p.make_preferred().string();
}
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
#else
std::string executable_path(const char *argv0)
{
return detail::executable_path_fallback(argv0);
}
#endif
}
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#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <boost/predef.h>
#include <boost/version.hpp>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
#if (BOOST_VERSION > BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(1,64,0))
# include <boost/process.hpp>
#endif
#if (BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
# include <Windows.h>
#endif
#include <boost/executable_path.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/executable_path_internals.hpp>
namespace boost {
namespace detail {
std::string GetEnv(const std::string& varName)
{
if (varName.empty()) return "";
#if (BOOST_OS_BSD || BOOST_OS_CYGWIN || BOOST_OS_LINUX || BOOST_OS_MACOS || BOOST_OS_SOLARIS)
char* value = std::getenv(varName.c_str());
if (!value) return "";
return value;
#elif (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
typedef std::vector<char> char_vector;
typedef std::vector<char>::size_type size_type;
char_vector value(8192, 0);
size_type size = value.size();
bool haveValue = false;
bool shouldContinue = true;
do
{
DWORD result = GetEnvironmentVariableA(varName.c_str(), &value[0], size);
if (result == 0)
{
shouldContinue = false;
}
else if (result < size)
{
haveValue = true;
shouldContinue = false;
}
else
{
size *= 2;
value.resize(size);
}
} while (shouldContinue);
std::string ret;
if (haveValue)
{
ret = &value[0];
}
return ret;
#else
return "";
#endif
}
bool GetDirectoryListFromDelimitedString(
const std::string& str,
std::vector<std::string>& dirs)
{
typedef boost::char_separator<char> char_separator_type;
typedef boost::tokenizer<
boost::char_separator<char>, std::string::const_iterator,
std::string> tokenizer_type;
dirs.clear();
if (str.empty())
{
return false;
}
#if (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
const std::string os_pathsep(";");
#else
const std::string os_pathsep(":");
#endif
char_separator_type pathSep(os_pathsep.c_str());
tokenizer_type strTok(str, pathSep);
typename tokenizer_type::iterator strIt;
typename tokenizer_type::iterator strEndIt = strTok.end();
for (strIt = strTok.begin(); strIt != strEndIt; ++strIt)
{
dirs.push_back(*strIt);
}
if (dirs.empty())
{
return false;
}
return true;
}
std::string search_path(const std::string& file)
{
if (file.empty()) return "";
std::string ret;
#if (BOOST_VERSION > BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER(1,64,0))
{
namespace bp = boost::process;
boost::filesystem::path p = bp::search_path(file);
ret = p.make_preferred().string();
}
#endif
if (!ret.empty()) return ret;
// Drat! I have to do it the hard way.
std::string pathEnvVar = GetEnv("PATH");
if (pathEnvVar.empty()) return "";
std::vector<std::string> pathDirs;
bool getDirList = GetDirectoryListFromDelimitedString(pathEnvVar, pathDirs);
if (!getDirList) return "";
std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator it = pathDirs.cbegin();
std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator itEnd = pathDirs.cend();
for ( ; it != itEnd; ++it)
{
boost::filesystem::path p(*it);
p /= file;
if (boost::filesystem::exists(p) && boost::filesystem::is_regular_file(p))
{
return p.make_preferred().string();
}
}
return "";
}
std::string executable_path_fallback(const char *argv0)
{
if (argv0 == nullptr) return "";
if (argv0[0] == 0) return "";
#if (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
const std::string os_sep("\\");
#else
const std::string os_sep("/");
#endif
if (strstr(argv0, os_sep.c_str()) != nullptr)
{
boost::system::error_code ec;
boost::filesystem::path p(
boost::filesystem::canonical(
argv0, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
{
return p.make_preferred().string();
}
}
std::string ret = search_path(argv0);
if (!ret.empty())
{
return ret;
}
boost::system::error_code ec;
boost::filesystem::path p(
boost::filesystem::canonical(
argv0, boost::filesystem::current_path(), ec));
if (ec.value() == boost::system::errc::success)
{
ret = p.make_preferred().string();
}
return ret;
}
}
}
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#ifndef BOOST_EXECUTABLE_PATH_HPP_
#define BOOST_EXECUTABLE_PATH_HPP_
#pragma once
#include <string>
namespace boost {
std::string executable_path(const char * argv0);
}
#endif // BOOST_EXECUTABLE_PATH_HPP_
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#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_EXECUTABLE_PATH_INTERNALS_HPP_
#define BOOST_DETAIL_EXECUTABLE_PATH_INTERNALS_HPP_
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace boost {
namespace detail {
std::string GetEnv(const std::string& varName);
bool GetDirectoryListFromDelimitedString(
const std::string& str,
std::vector<std::string>& dirs);
std::string search_path(const std::string& file);
std::string executable_path_fallback(const char * argv0);
}
}
#endif // BOOST_DETAIL_EXECUTABLE_PATH_INTERNALS_HPP_
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我有一个完整的项目,包括SnKOpen提供的测试应用程序和CMake构建文件- /cpp/executable_path/trunk.这个版本比我在这里提供的版本更完整.它还支持更多平台.
我在以下四种方案中测试了所有支持的操作系统上的应用程序.
在所有四种情况下,executable_path和executable_path_fallback函数都可以工作并返回相同的结果.
这是此问题的更新答案.我更新了答案,以考虑用户的意见和建议.我还在我的SVN存储库中添加了一个项目的链接.
Ryu*_*Ryu 30
这种方式使用boost + argv.您提到这可能不是跨平台的,因为它可能包含也可能不包含可执行文件名.那么下面的代码应该解决这个问题.
#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <iostream>
namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
fs::path full_path( fs::initial_path<fs::path>() );
full_path = fs::system_complete( fs::path( argv[0] ) );
std::cout << full_path << std::endl;
//Without file name
std::cout << full_path.stem() << std::endl;
//std::cout << fs::basename(full_path) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
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以下代码获取当前工作目录,该目录可能会执行您所需的操作
#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem/path.hpp>
#include <iostream>
namespace fs = boost::filesystem;
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
//current working directory
fs::path full_path( fs::current_path<fs::path>() );
std::cout << full_path << std::endl;
std::cout << full_path.stem() << std::endl;
//std::cout << fs::basepath(full_path) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
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注意刚刚意识到basename()已被弃用,因此不得不切换到.stem()
小智 20
我不确定Linux,但尝试使用Windows:
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;
int main()
{
char ownPth[MAX_PATH];
// When NULL is passed to GetModuleHandle, the handle of the exe itself is returned
HMODULE hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
if (hModule != NULL)
{
// Use GetModuleFileName() with module handle to get the path
GetModuleFileName(hModule, ownPth, (sizeof(ownPth)));
cout << ownPth << endl ;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
else
{
cout << "Module handle is NULL" << endl ;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
}
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C++17, windows, unicode, using filesystem new api:
#include "..\Project.h"
#include <filesystem>
using namespace std;
using namespace filesystem;
int wmain(int argc, wchar_t** argv)
{
auto dir = weakly_canonical(path(argv[0])).parent_path();
printf("%S", dir.c_str());
return 0;
}
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Suspect this solution should be portable, but don't know how unicode is implemented on other OS's.
weakly_canonical is needed only if you use as Output Directory upper folder references ('..') to simplify path. If you don't use it - remove it.
If you're operating from dynamic link library (.dll /.so), then you might not have argv, then you can consider following solution:
application.h:
#pragma once
//
// https://en.cppreference.com/w/User:D41D8CD98F/feature_testing_macros
//
#ifdef __cpp_lib_filesystem
#include <filesystem>
#else
#include <experimental/filesystem>
namespace std {
namespace filesystem = experimental::filesystem;
}
#endif
std::filesystem::path getexepath();
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application.cpp:
#include "application.h"
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h> //GetModuleFileNameW
#else
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h> //readlink
#endif
std::filesystem::path getexepath()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
wchar_t path[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, path, MAX_PATH);
return path;
#else
char result[PATH_MAX];
ssize_t count = readlink("/proc/self/exe", result, PATH_MAX);
return std::string(result, (count > 0) ? count : 0);
#endif
}
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小智 8
如果使用 C++17,可以执行以下操作来获取可执行文件的路径。
#include <filesystem>
std::filesystem::path getExecutablePath()
{
return std::filesystem::canonical("/proc/self/exe");
}
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以上答案已在 Debian 10 上使用 G++ 9.3.0 进行过测试
使用 args[0] 并查找“/”(或“\\”):
#include <string>
#include <iostream> // to show the result
int main( int numArgs, char *args[])
{
// Get the last position of '/'
std::string aux(args[0]);
// get '/' or '\\' depending on unix/mac or windows.
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
int pos = aux.rfind('\\');
#else
int pos = aux.rfind('/');
#endif
// Get the path and the name
std::string path = aux.substr(0,pos+1);
std::string name = aux.substr(pos+1);
// show results
std::cout << "Path: " << path << std::endl;
std::cout << "Name: " << name << std::endl;
}
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编辑:如果 '/' 不存在,则 pos==-1 所以结果是正确的。
这就是我最终的结果
头文件如下所示:
#pragma once
#include <string>
namespace MyPaths {
std::string getExecutablePath();
std::string getExecutableDir();
std::string mergePaths(std::string pathA, std::string pathB);
bool checkIfFileExists (const std::string& filePath);
}
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执行
#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#include <io.h>
#define access _access_s
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <libgen.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef __linux__
#include <limits.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined(__sun)
#define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/self/path/a.out"
#else
#define PROC_SELF_EXE "/proc/self/exe"
#endif
#endif
namespace MyPaths {
#if defined(_WIN32)
std::string getExecutablePath() {
char rawPathName[MAX_PATH];
GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, rawPathName, MAX_PATH);
return std::string(rawPathName);
}
std::string getExecutableDir() {
std::string executablePath = getExecutablePath();
char* exePath = new char[executablePath.length()];
strcpy(exePath, executablePath.c_str());
PathRemoveFileSpecA(exePath);
std::string directory = std::string(exePath);
delete[] exePath;
return directory;
}
std::string mergePaths(std::string pathA, std::string pathB) {
char combined[MAX_PATH];
PathCombineA(combined, pathA.c_str(), pathB.c_str());
std::string mergedPath(combined);
return mergedPath;
}
#endif
#ifdef __linux__
std::string getExecutablePath() {
char rawPathName[PATH_MAX];
realpath(PROC_SELF_EXE, rawPathName);
return std::string(rawPathName);
}
std::string getExecutableDir() {
std::string executablePath = getExecutablePath();
char *executablePathStr = new char[executablePath.length() + 1];
strcpy(executablePathStr, executablePath.c_str());
char* executableDir = dirname(executablePathStr);
delete [] executablePathStr;
return std::string(executableDir);
}
std::string mergePaths(std::string pathA, std::string pathB) {
return pathA+"/"+pathB;
}
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
std::string getExecutablePath() {
char rawPathName[PATH_MAX];
char realPathName[PATH_MAX];
uint32_t rawPathSize = (uint32_t)sizeof(rawPathName);
if(!_NSGetExecutablePath(rawPathName, &rawPathSize)) {
realpath(rawPathName, realPathName);
}
return std::string(realPathName);
}
std::string getExecutableDir() {
std::string executablePath = getExecutablePath();
char *executablePathStr = new char[executablePath.length() + 1];
strcpy(executablePathStr, executablePath.c_str());
char* executableDir = dirname(executablePathStr);
delete [] executablePathStr;
return std::string(executableDir);
}
std::string mergePaths(std::string pathA, std::string pathB) {
return pathA+"/"+pathB;
}
#endif
bool checkIfFileExists (const std::string& filePath) {
return access( filePath.c_str(), 0 ) == 0;
}
}
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这是Windows特定的方式,但它至少是您答案的一半.
GetThisPath.h
/// dest is expected to be MAX_PATH in length.
/// returns dest
/// TCHAR dest[MAX_PATH];
/// GetThisPath(dest, MAX_PATH);
TCHAR* GetThisPath(TCHAR* dest, size_t destSize);
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GetThisPath.cpp
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "shlwapi.lib")
TCHAR* GetThisPath(TCHAR* dest, size_t destSize)
{
if (!dest) return NULL;
if (MAX_PATH > destSize) return NULL;
DWORD length = GetModuleFileName( NULL, dest, destSize );
PathRemoveFileSpec(dest);
return dest;
}
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mainProgram.cpp
TCHAR dest[MAX_PATH];
GetThisPath(dest, MAX_PATH);
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我建议使用平台检测作为预处理程序指令来更改调用GetThisPath每个平台的包装函数的实现.