Ash*_*ppa 9 python list permutation parity
我正在寻找一种方法来检查2 个排列(由列表表示)是否具有相同的奇偶校验.请注意,如果它们是偶数或奇数奇偶校验,我就不感兴趣,只是相等.
我是Python新手,我的天真解决方案在下面作为回复给出.我期待Python专家向我展示一些很酷的技巧,以便在更小,更优雅的Python代码中实现相同的功能.
这是我对你的代码的调整
就这个
def arePermsEqualParity(perm0, perm1):
"""Check if 2 permutations are of equal parity.
Assume that both permutation lists are of equal length
and have the same elements. No need to check for these
conditions.
"""
perm1 = list(perm1) ## copy this into a list so we don't mutate the original
perm1_map = dict((v, i) for i,v in enumerate(perm1))
transCount = 0
for loc, p0 in enumerate(perm0):
p1 = perm1[loc]
if p0 != p1:
sloc = perm1_map[p0] # Find position in perm1
perm1[loc], perm1[sloc] = p0, p1 # Swap in perm1
perm1_map[p0], perm1_map[p1] = sloc, loc # Swap the map
transCount += 1
# Even number of transpositions means equal parity
return (transCount % 2) == 0
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如果我们将这两种排列组合在一起,那么当每个排列具有相同的奇偶校验时,结果将具有偶校验,如果它们具有不同的奇偶校验,则奇校验.因此,如果我们解决奇偶校验问题,那么比较两种不同的排列是微不足道的.
奇偶校验可以确定如下:选择一个任意元素,找到置换移动到的位置,重复直到你回到你开始的那个.您现在已经找到了一个循环:排列将所有这些元素围绕一个位置旋转.您需要一个小于循环中元素数量的交换来撤消它.现在选择你尚未处理的另一个元素并重复,直到你看到每个元素.注意,总的来说,每个元素需要一个交换减去每个周期一个交换.
时间复杂度是置换大小的O(N).请注意,虽然我们在循环中有一个循环,但内循环只能对排列中的任何元素迭代一次.
def parity(permutation):
permutation = list(permutation)
length = len(permutation)
elements_seen = [False] * length
cycles = 0
for index, already_seen in enumerate(elements_seen):
if already_seen:
continue
cycles += 1
current = index
while not elements_seen[current]:
elements_seen[current] = True
current = permutation[current]
return (length-cycles) % 2 == 0
def arePermsEqualParity(perm0, perm1):
perm0 = list(perm0)
return parity([perm0[i] for i in perm1])
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另外,只是为了好玩,这是基于Wikipedia中定义的奇偶校验函数的效率低得多但更短的实现(对于偶数返回True,对于奇数返回False):
def parity(p):
return sum(
1 for (x,px) in enumerate(p)
for (y,py) in enumerate(p)
if x<y and px>py
)%2==0
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上一个答案的一个次要变体 - 复制 perm1,并保存数组查找。
def arePermsEqualParity(perm0, perm1):
"""Check if 2 permutations are of equal parity.
Assume that both permutation lists are of equal length
and have the same elements. No need to check for these
conditions.
"""
perm1 = perm1[:] ## copy this list so we don't mutate the original
transCount = 0
for loc in range(len(perm0) - 1): # Do (len - 1) transpositions
p0 = perm0[loc]
p1 = perm1[loc]
if p0 != p1:
sloc = perm1[loc:].index(p0)+loc # Find position in perm1
perm1[loc], perm1[sloc] = p0, p1 # Swap in perm1
transCount += 1
# Even number of transpositions means equal parity
if (transCount % 2) == 0:
return True
else:
return False
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