如何对齐多个ggplot2图并在所有图上添加阴影

Question

请在这里下载数据!

目标:绘制如下图像:

特点: 1.两个不同的时间序列; 2.下面板有一个反向y轴; 3.阴影超过两个地块.

可能的解决方案:
1.刻面不合适 - (1)不能只使一个刻面的y轴反转,同时保持其他刻面不变.(2)难以逐个调整各个方面.
2.使用视口使用以下代码排列单个图:

library(ggplot2)
library(grid)
library(gridExtra)

##Import data
df<- read.csv("D:\\R\\SF_Question.csv")

##Draw individual plots
#the lower panel
p1<- ggplot(df, aes(TIME1, VARIABLE1)) + geom_line() + scale_y_reverse() + labs(x="AGE") + scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1000,2000,200), limits = c(1000,2000))
#the upper panel
p2<- ggplot(df, aes(TIME2, V2)) + geom_line() + labs(x=NULL) + scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1000,2000,200), limits = c(1000,2000)) + theme(axis.text.x=element_blank())

##For the shadows
#shadow position
rects<- data.frame(x1=c(1100,1800),x2=c(1300,1850),y1=c(0,0),y2=c(100,100))
#make shadows clean (hide axis, ticks, labels, background and grids)
xquiet <- scale_x_continuous("", breaks = NULL)
yquiet <- scale_y_continuous("", breaks = NULL)
bgquiet<- theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent", colour = NA))
plotquiet<- theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "transparent", colour = NA))
quiet <- list(xquiet, yquiet, bgquiet, plotquiet)
prects<- ggplot(rects,aes(xmin=x1,xmax=x2,ymin=y1,ymax=y2))+ geom_rect(alpha=0.1,fill="blue") + coord_cartesian(xlim = c(1000, 2000)) + quiet

##Arrange plots
pushViewport(viewport(layout = grid.layout(2, 1)))
vplayout <- function(x, y) 
  viewport(layout.pos.row = x, layout.pos.col = y)
#arrange time series
print(p2, vp = vplayout(1, 1))
print(p1, vp = vplayout(2, 1))
#arrange shadows
print(prects, vp=vplayout(1:2,1))

问题:

1. x轴未正确对齐;
2. 阴影位置错误(因为x轴的排列不正确).

谷歌搜索后四处:

1. 我首先注意到来自ggExtra的"align.plots()"可以完成这项工作.但是,它已被作者弃用;
2. 然后我尝试了gglayout解决方案,但没有运气 - 我甚至无法安装"尖端"包;

3. 最后,我使用以下代码尝试了gtable解决方案:

   gp1<- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(p1))
   gp2<- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(p2))
   gprects<- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(prects))
   maxWidth = unit.pmax(gp1$widths[2:3], gp2$widths[2:3], gprects$widths[2:3])
   gp1$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
   gp2$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
   gprects$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
   grid.arrange(gp2, gp1, gprects)
   

现在,上下面板的x轴确实正确对齐.但阴影位置仍然是错误的.更重要的是,我不能在两个时间序列上重叠阴影图.经过几天的尝试,我几乎放弃了......

有人可以帮我一把吗？

Answer 1

您只需使用基本绘图功能即可实现此特定绘图.

#Set alignment for tow plots. Extra zeros are needed to get space for axis at bottom.
layout(matrix(c(0,1,2,0),ncol=1),heights=c(1,3,3,1))

#Set spaces around plot (0 for bottom and top)
par(mar=c(0,5,0,5))

#1. plot
plot(df$V2~df$TIME2,type="l",xlim=c(1000,2000),axes=F,ylab="")

#Two rectangles - y coordinates are larger to ensure that all space is taken  
rect(1100,-15000,1300,15000,col="red",border="red")
rect(1800,-15000,1850,15000,col="red",border="red")

#plot again the same line (to show line over rectangle)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(df$V2~df$TIME2,type="l",xlim=c(1000,2000),axes=F,ylab="")

#set axis
axis(1,at=seq(800,2200,200),labels=NA)
axis(4,at=seq(-15000,10000,5000),las=2)


#The same for plot 2. rev() in ylim= ensures reverse axis.
plot(df$VARIABLE1~df$TIME1,type="l",ylim=rev(range(df$VARIABLE1)+c(-0.1,0.1)),xlim=c(1000,2000),axes=F,ylab="")
rect(1100,-15000,1300,15000,col="red",border="red")
rect(1800,-15000,1850,15000,col="red",border="red")
par(new=TRUE)
plot(df$VARIABLE1~df$TIME1,type="l",ylim=rev(range(df$VARIABLE1)+c(-0.1,0.1)),xlim=c(1000,2000),axes=F,ylab="")
axis(1,at=seq(800,2200,200))
axis(2,at=seq(-6.4,-8.4,-0.4),las=2)

更新 - 使用ggplot2解决方案

首先,创建两个包含矩形信息的新数据框.

rect1<- data.frame (xmin=1100, xmax=1300, ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf)
rect2 <- data.frame (xmin=1800, xmax=1850, ymin=-Inf, ymax=Inf)

修改您的原创情节码-移动data和aes到内geom_line(),然后添加了两个geom_rect()电话.最重要的部分是plot.margin=在theme().对于每个绘图,我将其中一个边距设置为-1线(上部p1和下部p2) - 这将确保绘图将加入.所有其他边距应该相同.对于p2也删除的轴刻度.然后把两个地块放在一起.

library(ggplot2)
library(grid)
library(gridExtra)
p1<- ggplot() + geom_line(data=df, aes(TIME1, VARIABLE1)) + 
  scale_y_reverse() + 
  labs(x="AGE") + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1000,2000,200), limits = c(1000,2000)) + 
   geom_rect(data=rect1,aes(xmin=xmin,xmax=xmax,ymin=ymin,ymax=ymax),alpha=0.1,fill="blue")+
   geom_rect(data=rect2,aes(xmin=xmin,xmax=xmax,ymin=ymin,ymax=ymax),alpha=0.1,fill="blue")+
   theme(plot.margin = unit(c(-1,0.5,0.5,0.5), "lines"))

p2<- ggplot() + geom_line(data=df, aes(TIME2, V2)) + labs(x=NULL) + 
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1000,2000,200), limits = c(1000,2000)) + 
  scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-14000,10000))+
  geom_rect(data=rect1,aes(xmin=xmin,xmax=xmax,ymin=ymin,ymax=ymax),alpha=0.1,fill="blue")+
  geom_rect(data=rect2,aes(xmin=xmin,xmax=xmax,ymin=ymin,ymax=ymax),alpha=0.1,fill="blue")+
  theme(axis.text.x=element_blank(),
        axis.title.x=element_blank(),
        plot.title=element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.x=element_blank(),
        plot.margin = unit(c(0.5,0.5,-1,0.5), "lines"))


gp1<- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(p1))
gp2<- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(p2))
maxWidth = unit.pmax(gp1$widths[2:3], gp2$widths[2:3])
gp1$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
gp2$widths[2:3] <- maxWidth
grid.arrange(gp2, gp1)

Answer 2

这是Didzis解决方案的变体,它保留了中间的x轴,并且原则上允许在顶部图形中回复y轴(但我没有实现).结果是这个图:

这是代码.它可能在底部看起来有点复杂,但那是因为我试图尽可能地将它写成通用的.如果有人愿意在gtable中硬编码适当的单元位置等,则代码可以更短.此外,不是通过gtable切掉图形的碎片,而是可以修改主题,以便首先不绘制碎片.那可能也会更短.

require(cowplot)
data <- read.csv("SF_Question.csv")
# create top plot
p2 <- ggplot(data, aes(x=TIME2, y=V2)) + geom_line() + xlim(1000, 2000) +
  ylab("Variable 2") + theme(axis.text.x = element_blank())
# create bottom plot
p1 <- ggplot(data = data, aes(x=TIME1, y=VARIABLE1)) + geom_line() + 
  xlim(1000, 2000) + ylim(-6.4, -8.4) + xlab("Time") + ylab("Variable 1")
# create plot that will hold the shadows
data.shadows <- data.frame(xmin = c(1100, 1800), xmax = c(1300, 1850), ymin = c(0, 0), ymax = c(1, 1))
p.shadows <- ggplot(data.shadows, aes(xmin = xmin, xmax = xmax, ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax)) + 
  geom_rect(fill='blue', alpha='0.5') +
  xlim(1000, 2000) + scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 1), expand = c(0, 0))

# now combine everything via gtable
require(gtable)

# Table g2 will be the top table. We chop off everything below the axis-b
g2 <- ggplotGrob(p2)
index <- subset(g2$layout, name == "axis-b") 
names <- g2$layout$name[g2$layout$t<=index$t]
g2 <- gtable_filter(g2, paste(names, sep="", collapse="|"))
# set height of remaining, empty rows to 0
for (i in (index$t+1):length(g2$heights))
{
  g2$heights[[i]] <- unit(0, "cm")
}

# Table g1 will be the bottom table. We chop off everything above the panel
g1 <- ggplotGrob(p1)
index <- subset(g1$layout, name == "panel") 
# need to work with b here instead of t, to prevent deletion of background
names <- g1$layout$name[g1$layout$b>=index$b]
g1 <- gtable_filter(g1, paste(names, sep="", collapse="|"))
# set height of remaining, empty rows to 0
for (i in 1:(index$b-1))
{
  g1$heights[[i]] <- unit(0, "cm")
}

# bind the two plots together
g.main <- rbind(g2, g1, size='first')

# add the grob that holds the shadows
g.shadows <- gtable_filter(ggplotGrob(p.shadows), "panel") # extract the plot panel containing the shadows
index <- subset(g.main$layout, name == "panel") # locate where we want to insert the shadows
# find the extent of the two panels
t <- min(index$t)
b <- max(index$b)
l <- min(index$l)
r <- max(index$r)
# add grob
g.main <- gtable_add_grob(g.main, g.shadows, t, l, b, r)

# plot is completed, show
grid.newpage()
grid.draw(g.main)

我们可以使用此处显示的方法反转顶部y轴.