如何从密钥库中列出/导出私钥？

Question

如何从密钥库中列出和导出私钥？

Answer 1

您可以使用Java6和OpenSSL从密钥库中提取私钥.这完全取决于Java和OpenSSL都支持PKCS#12格式的密钥库.要进行提取,首先要使用keytool转换为标准格式.确保对两个文件使用相同的密码(私钥密码,而不是密钥库密码),否则稍后您将在第二步中遇到奇怪的故障.

keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore keystore.jks \
    -destkeystore intermediate.p12 -deststoretype PKCS12

接下来,使用OpenSSL对PEM进行提取:

openssl pkcs12 -in intermediate.p12 -out extracted.pem -nodes

您应该能够轻松地处理该PEM文件; 它是纯文本,带有编码的未加密私钥和证书(以非常明显的格式).

执行此操作时,请注意保持创建的文件安全.它们包含秘密凭证.如果你没有正确地保护它们,没有什么会警告你.保护它们的最简单方法是在一个目录中完成所有这些操作,该目录对用户以外的任何人都没有任何访问权限.永远不要将密码放在命令行或环境变量中; 这对其他用户来说太容易了.

Answer 2

最初来自Example Depot的一部分代码,用于列出密钥库中的所有别名:

    // Load input stream into keystore
    keystore.load(is, password.toCharArray());

    // List the aliases
    Enumeration aliases = keystore.aliases();
    for (; aliases.hasMoreElements(); ) {
        String alias = (String)aliases.nextElement();

        // Does alias refer to a private key?
        boolean b = keystore.isKeyEntry(alias);

        // Does alias refer to a trusted certificate?
        b = keystore.isCertificateEntry(alias);
    }

几个月前,Sun论坛上出现了私钥,u:turingcompleter提出了一个DumpPrivateKey类来拼接你的应用程序.

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

public class DumpPrivateKey {
     /**
     * Provides the missing functionality of keytool
     * that Apache needs for SSLCertificateKeyFile.
     *
     * @param args  <ul>
     *              <li> [0] Keystore filename.
     *              <li> [1] Keystore password.
     *              <li> [2] alias
     *              </ul>
     */
    static public void main(String[] args)
    throws Exception {
        if(args.length < 3) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected args: Keystore filename, Keystore password, alias, <key password: default same tha
n keystore");
        }
        final String keystoreName = args[0];
        final String keystorePassword = args[1];
        final String alias = args[2];
        final String keyPassword = getKeyPassword(args,keystorePassword);
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("jks");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream(keystoreName), keystorePassword.toCharArray());
        Key key = ks.getKey(alias, keyPassword.toCharArray());
        String b64 = new BASE64Encoder().encode(key.getEncoded());
        System.out.println("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----");
        System.out.println(b64);
        System.out.println("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----");
    }
    private static String getKeyPassword(final String[] args, final String keystorePassword)
    {
       String keyPassword = keystorePassword; // default case
       if(args.length == 4) {
         keyPassword = args[3];
       }
       return keyPassword;
    }
}

注意:这个使用Sun包,这是一个"坏事".
如果你可以下载apache commons代码,这里有一个版本,它会在没有警告的情况下编译:

javac -classpath .:commons-codec-1.4/commons-codec-1.4.jar DumpPrivateKey.java

并将给出相同的结果:

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyStore;
//import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class DumpPrivateKey {
     /**
     * Provides the missing functionality of keytool
     * that Apache needs for SSLCertificateKeyFile.
     *
     * @param args  <ul>
     *              <li> [0] Keystore filename.
     *              <li> [1] Keystore password.
     *              <li> [2] alias
     *              </ul>
     */
    static public void main(String[] args)
    throws Exception {
        if(args.length < 3) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected args: Keystore filename, Keystore password, alias, <key password: default same tha
n keystore");
        }
        final String keystoreName = args[0];
        final String keystorePassword = args[1];
        final String alias = args[2];
        final String keyPassword = getKeyPassword(args,keystorePassword);
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("jks");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream(keystoreName), keystorePassword.toCharArray());
        Key key = ks.getKey(alias, keyPassword.toCharArray());
        //String b64 = new BASE64Encoder().encode(key.getEncoded());
        String b64 = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(key.getEncoded(),true));
        System.out.println("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----");
        System.out.println(b64);
        System.out.println("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----");
    }
    private static String getKeyPassword(final String[] args, final String keystorePassword)
    {
       String keyPassword = keystorePassword; // default case
       if(args.length == 4) {
         keyPassword = args[3];
       }
       return keyPassword;
    }
}

您可以像这样使用它:

java -classpath .:commons-codec-1.4/commons-codec-1.4.jar DumpPrivateKey $HOME/.keystore changeit tomcat

Answer 3

如果您不需要以编程方式执行此操作,但只想管理密钥,那么我已经使用IBM的免费KeyMan工具了很长时间.非常适合将私钥导出到PFX文件(然后您可以轻松地使用OpenSSL来操作它,提取它,更改pwds等).

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/groups/service/html/communityview?communityUuid=6fb00498-f6ea-4f65-bf0c-adc5bd0c5fcc

选择密钥库,选择私钥条目,然后选择文件 - >保存到pkcs12文件(通常为*.pfx).然后,您可以使用以下内容查看内容

$ openssl pkcs12 -in mykeyfile.pfx -info

Answer 4

以下是Groovy中上述代码的较短版本.还有内置的base64编码:

import java.security.Key
import java.security.KeyStore

if (args.length < 3)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException('Expected args: <Keystore file> <Keystore format> <Keystore password> <alias> <key password>')

def keystoreName = args[0]
def keystoreFormat = args[1]
def keystorePassword = args[2]
def alias = args[3]
def keyPassword = args[4]

def keystore = KeyStore.getInstance(keystoreFormat)
keystore.load(new FileInputStream(keystoreName), keystorePassword.toCharArray())
def key = keystore.getKey(alias, keyPassword.toCharArray())

println "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----"
println key.getEncoded().encodeBase64()
println "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"