查找数组字段不为空的MongoDB记录

Question

我的所有记录都有一个名为"图片"的字段.该字段是一个字符串数组.

我现在想要这个数组不为空的最新10条记录.

我已经google了一下,但奇怪的是我在这方面找不到多少.我已经阅读了$ where选项,但我想知道本机函数有多慢,以及是否有更好的解决方案.

即便如此,这不起作用:

ME.find({$where: 'this.pictures.length > 0'}).sort('-created').limit(10).execFind()

什么都不返回 离开this.pictures没有长度位确实有效,但当然它也返回空记录.

Answer 1

如果您还有没有密钥的文档,您可以使用:

ME.find({ pictures: { $exists: true, $not: {$size: 0} } })

如果涉及$ size,MongoDB不使用索引,所以这是一个更好的解决方案:

ME.find({ pictures: { $exists: true, $ne: [] } })

自MongoDB 2.6发布以来,您可以与运营商进行比较,$gt但可能会导致意外结果(您可以在此答案中找到详细说明):

ME.find({ pictures: { $gt: [] } })

Answer 2

经过一番观察,特别是在mongodb文件中,以及令人费解的一点,这就是答案:

ME.find({pictures: {$exists: true, $not: {$size: 0}}})

Answer 3

这可能也适合你:

ME.find({'pictures.0': {$exists: true}});

Answer 4

在查询时你关心两件事 - 准确性和性能.考虑到这一点,我在MongoDB v3.0.14中测试了一些不同的方法.

TL; DR db.doc.find({ nums: { $gt: -Infinity }})是最快且最可靠的(至少在我测试的MongoDB版本中).

编辑:这不再适用于MongoDB v3.6!有关可能的解决方案,请参阅此帖子下的评论.

建立

我插入了带有列表字段的1k文档,带有空列表的1k文档和带有非空列表的5个文档.

for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { db.doc.insert({}); }
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { db.doc.insert({ nums: [] }); }
for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) { db.doc.insert({ nums: [1, 2, 3] }); }
db.doc.createIndex({ nums: 1 });

我认识到这不足以像我在下面的测试中那样认真对待性能,但它足以呈现所选查询计划的各种查询和行为的正确性.

测试

db.doc.find({'nums': {'$exists': true}}) 返回错误的结果(我们正在努力实现的目标).

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': {'$exists': true}}).count()
1005

-

db.doc.find({'nums.0': {'$exists': true}})返回正确的结果,但使用完整的集合扫描也很慢(COLLSCAN解释中的注意阶段).

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums.0': {'$exists': true}}).count()
5
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums.0': {'$exists': true}}).explain()
{
  "queryPlanner": {
    "plannerVersion": 1,
    "namespace": "test.doc",
    "indexFilterSet": false,
    "parsedQuery": {
      "nums.0": {
        "$exists": true
      }
    },
    "winningPlan": {
      "stage": "COLLSCAN",
      "filter": {
        "nums.0": {
          "$exists": true
        }
      },
      "direction": "forward"
    },
    "rejectedPlans": [ ]
  },
  "serverInfo": {
    "host": "MacBook-Pro",
    "port": 27017,
    "version": "3.0.14",
    "gitVersion": "08352afcca24bfc145240a0fac9d28b978ab77f3"
  },
  "ok": 1
}

-

db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $gt: { '$size': 0 }}})返回错误的结果.那是因为索引扫描无效推进没有文件.如果没有索引,它可能会准确但很慢.

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $gt: { '$size': 0 }}}).count()
0
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $gt: { '$size': 0 }}}).explain('executionStats').executionStats.executionStages
{
  "stage": "KEEP_MUTATIONS",
  "nReturned": 0,
  "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
  "works": 2,
  "advanced": 0,
  "needTime": 0,
  "needFetch": 0,
  "saveState": 0,
  "restoreState": 0,
  "isEOF": 1,
  "invalidates": 0,
  "inputStage": {
    "stage": "FETCH",
    "filter": {
      "$and": [
        {
          "nums": {
            "$gt": {
              "$size": 0
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "nums": {
            "$exists": true
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "nReturned": 0,
    "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
    "works": 1,
    "advanced": 0,
    "needTime": 0,
    "needFetch": 0,
    "saveState": 0,
    "restoreState": 0,
    "isEOF": 1,
    "invalidates": 0,
    "docsExamined": 0,
    "alreadyHasObj": 0,
    "inputStage": {
      "stage": "IXSCAN",
      "nReturned": 0,
      "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
      "works": 1,
      "advanced": 0,
      "needTime": 0,
      "needFetch": 0,
      "saveState": 0,
      "restoreState": 0,
      "isEOF": 1,
      "invalidates": 0,
      "keyPattern": {
        "nums": 1
      },
      "indexName": "nums_1",
      "isMultiKey": true,
      "direction": "forward",
      "indexBounds": {
        "nums": [
          "({ $size: 0.0 }, [])"
        ]
      },
      "keysExamined": 0,
      "dupsTested": 0,
      "dupsDropped": 0,
      "seenInvalidated": 0,
      "matchTested": 0
    }
  }
}

-

db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $not: { '$size': 0 }}})返回正确的结果,但性能不好.它在技术上做了一个索引扫描,但它仍然推进所有文档,然后必须过滤它们).

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $not: { '$size': 0 }}}).count()
5
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $not: { '$size': 0 }}}).explain('executionStats').executionStats.executionStages
{
  "stage": "KEEP_MUTATIONS",
  "nReturned": 5,
  "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
  "works": 2016,
  "advanced": 5,
  "needTime": 2010,
  "needFetch": 0,
  "saveState": 15,
  "restoreState": 15,
  "isEOF": 1,
  "invalidates": 0,
  "inputStage": {
    "stage": "FETCH",
    "filter": {
      "$and": [
        {
          "nums": {
            "$exists": true
          }
        },
        {
          "$not": {
            "nums": {
              "$size": 0
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "nReturned": 5,
    "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
    "works": 2016,
    "advanced": 5,
    "needTime": 2010,
    "needFetch": 0,
    "saveState": 15,
    "restoreState": 15,
    "isEOF": 1,
    "invalidates": 0,
    "docsExamined": 2005,
    "alreadyHasObj": 0,
    "inputStage": {
      "stage": "IXSCAN",
      "nReturned": 2005,
      "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
      "works": 2015,
      "advanced": 2005,
      "needTime": 10,
      "needFetch": 0,
      "saveState": 15,
      "restoreState": 15,
      "isEOF": 1,
      "invalidates": 0,
      "keyPattern": {
        "nums": 1
      },
      "indexName": "nums_1",
      "isMultiKey": true,
      "direction": "forward",
      "indexBounds": {
        "nums": [
          "[MinKey, MaxKey]"
        ]
      },
      "keysExamined": 2015,
      "dupsTested": 2015,
      "dupsDropped": 10,
      "seenInvalidated": 0,
      "matchTested": 0
    }
  }
}

-

db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $ne: [] }})返回正确的结果并略快,但性能仍然不理想.它使用IXSCAN,它只使用现有列表字段推进文档,但随后必须逐个过滤掉空列表.

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $ne: [] }}).count()
5
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $exists: true, $ne: [] }}).explain('executionStats').executionStats.executionStages
{
  "stage": "KEEP_MUTATIONS",
  "nReturned": 5,
  "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
  "works": 1018,
  "advanced": 5,
  "needTime": 1011,
  "needFetch": 0,
  "saveState": 15,
  "restoreState": 15,
  "isEOF": 1,
  "invalidates": 0,
  "inputStage": {
    "stage": "FETCH",
    "filter": {
      "$and": [
        {
          "$not": {
            "nums": {
              "$eq": [ ]
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "nums": {
            "$exists": true
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "nReturned": 5,
    "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
    "works": 1017,
    "advanced": 5,
    "needTime": 1011,
    "needFetch": 0,
    "saveState": 15,
    "restoreState": 15,
    "isEOF": 1,
    "invalidates": 0,
    "docsExamined": 1005,
    "alreadyHasObj": 0,
    "inputStage": {
      "stage": "IXSCAN",
      "nReturned": 1005,
      "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
      "works": 1016,
      "advanced": 1005,
      "needTime": 11,
      "needFetch": 0,
      "saveState": 15,
      "restoreState": 15,
      "isEOF": 1,
      "invalidates": 0,
      "keyPattern": {
        "nums": 1
      },
      "indexName": "nums_1",
      "isMultiKey": true,
      "direction": "forward",
      "indexBounds": {
        "nums": [
          "[MinKey, undefined)",
          "(undefined, [])",
          "([], MaxKey]"
        ]
      },
      "keysExamined": 1016,
      "dupsTested": 1015,
      "dupsDropped": 10,
      "seenInvalidated": 0,
      "matchTested": 0
    }
  }
}

-

db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: [] }})由于使用的索引可能会产生意想不到的结果,因此是危险的.这是因为索引扫描无效,没有文件.

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: [] }}).count()
0
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: [] }}).hint({ nums: 1 }).count()
0
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: [] }}).hint({ _id: 1 }).count()
5

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: [] }}).explain('executionStats').executionStats.executionStages
{
  "stage": "KEEP_MUTATIONS",
  "nReturned": 0,
  "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
  "works": 1,
  "advanced": 0,
  "needTime": 0,
  "needFetch": 0,
  "saveState": 0,
  "restoreState": 0,
  "isEOF": 1,
  "invalidates": 0,
  "inputStage": {
    "stage": "FETCH",
    "filter": {
      "nums": {
        "$gt": [ ]
      }
    },
    "nReturned": 0,
    "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
    "works": 1,
    "advanced": 0,
    "needTime": 0,
    "needFetch": 0,
    "saveState": 0,
    "restoreState": 0,
    "isEOF": 1,
    "invalidates": 0,
    "docsExamined": 0,
    "alreadyHasObj": 0,
    "inputStage": {
      "stage": "IXSCAN",
      "nReturned": 0,
      "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
      "works": 1,
      "advanced": 0,
      "needTime": 0,
      "needFetch": 0,
      "saveState": 0,
      "restoreState": 0,
      "isEOF": 1,
      "invalidates": 0,
      "keyPattern": {
        "nums": 1
      },
      "indexName": "nums_1",
      "isMultiKey": true,
      "direction": "forward",
      "indexBounds": {
        "nums": [
          "([], BinData(0, ))"
        ]
      },
      "keysExamined": 0,
      "dupsTested": 0,
      "dupsDropped": 0,
      "seenInvalidated": 0,
      "matchTested": 0
    }
  }
}

-

db.doc.find({'nums.0’: { $gt: -Infinity }}) 返回正确的结果,但性能不佳(使用完整的集合扫描).

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums.0': { $gt: -Infinity }}).count()
5
MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums.0': { $gt: -Infinity }}).explain('executionStats').executionStats.executionStages
{
  "stage": "COLLSCAN",
  "filter": {
    "nums.0": {
      "$gt": -Infinity
    }
  },
  "nReturned": 5,
  "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
  "works": 2007,
  "advanced": 5,
  "needTime": 2001,
  "needFetch": 0,
  "saveState": 15,
  "restoreState": 15,
  "isEOF": 1,
  "invalidates": 0,
  "direction": "forward",
  "docsExamined": 2005
}

-

db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: -Infinity }})令人惊讶的是,这非常有效!它提供了正确的结果并且速度很快,从索引扫描阶段推进了5个文档.

MacBook-Pro(mongod-3.0.14) test> db.doc.find({'nums': { $gt: -Infinity }}).explain('executionStats').executionStats.executionStages
{
  "stage": "FETCH",
  "nReturned": 5,
  "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
  "works": 16,
  "advanced": 5,
  "needTime": 10,
  "needFetch": 0,
  "saveState": 0,
  "restoreState": 0,
  "isEOF": 1,
  "invalidates": 0,
  "docsExamined": 5,
  "alreadyHasObj": 0,
  "inputStage": {
    "stage": "IXSCAN",
    "nReturned": 5,
    "executionTimeMillisEstimate": 0,
    "works": 15,
    "advanced": 5,
    "needTime": 10,
    "needFetch": 0,
    "saveState": 0,
    "restoreState": 0,
    "isEOF": 1,
    "invalidates": 0,
    "keyPattern": {
      "nums": 1
    },
    "indexName": "nums_1",
    "isMultiKey": true,
    "direction": "forward",
    "indexBounds": {
      "nums": [
        "(-inf.0, inf.0]"
      ]
    },
    "keysExamined": 15,
    "dupsTested": 15,
    "dupsDropped": 10,
    "seenInvalidated": 0,
    "matchTested": 0
  }
}

Answer 5

从2.6版本开始,另一种方法是将字段与空数组进行比较:

ME.find({pictures: {$gt: []}})

在shell中测试它:

> db.ME.insert([
{pictures: [1,2,3]},
{pictures: []},
{pictures: ['']},
{pictures: [0]},
{pictures: 1},
{foobar: 1}
])

> db.ME.find({pictures: {$gt: []}})
{ "_id": ObjectId("54d4d9ff96340090b6c1c4a7"), "pictures": [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
{ "_id": ObjectId("54d4d9ff96340090b6c1c4a9"), "pictures": [ "" ] }
{ "_id": ObjectId("54d4d9ff96340090b6c1c4aa"), "pictures": [ 0 ] }

所以它正确地包含了pictures至少有一个数组元素的文档,并排除了文档,其中pictures是一个空数组,而不是数组,或者缺少.

Answer 6

检索所有且仅检索“图片”为数组且不为空的文档

ME.find({pictures: {$type: 'array', $ne: []}})

如果使用3.2之前的 MongoDb 版本，请使用$type: 4代替$type: 'array'。请注意，此解决方案甚至不使用$size，因此索引没有问题（“查询不能对查询的 $size 部分使用索引”）

其他解决方案，包括这些（已接受的答案）：

ME.find({ 图片: { $exists: true, $not: {$size: 0} } }); ME.find({ 图片: { $exists: true, $ne: [] } })

是错误的，因为它们返回文档，例如，“图片”是null、undefined、 0 等。

Answer 7

db.find({ pictures: { $elemMatch: { $exists: true } } })

$elemMatch匹配包含数组字段且至少有一个元素与指定查询匹配的文档。

因此，您将所有数组与至少一个元素相匹配。

Answer 8

您可以使用以下任何一种方法来实现。
两者还注意不要为其中没有请求的键的对象返回结果：

db.video.find({pictures: {$exists: true, $gt: {$size: 0}}})
db.video.find({comments: {$exists: true, $not: {$size: 0}}})

Answer 9

使用$elemMatch运算符：根据文档

$elemMatch 运算符匹配包含数组字段的文档，该数组字段至少有一个元素与所有指定的查询条件匹配。

$elemMatches确保该值是一个数组并且不为空。所以查询会是这样的

ME.find({ pictures: { $elemMatch: {$exists: true }}})

PS 此代码的变体可以在 MongoDB 大学的 M121 课程中找到。