将shapefile从多边形转换为点?

Luk*_*uke 2 gis r point polygon shapefile

我有一个基于非重叠面的多边形shapefile (.shp),具有较大的空间范围和许多关联的属性。shapefile投影在UTM中。我想将多边形转换为30-m分辨率网格中间隔开的,其中每个点将保留其位于其中的多边形的属性。

输出将只是要点表:

X, Y, attribute1, attribute2, attribute 3,etc...
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理想情况下,我想在R或(较不理想)我可以在Mac上运行的其他一些免费程序中执行此操作。

Jos*_*ien 5

注意:我将对此进行部分介绍,以了解是否存在一种更优雅的方式来执行任何此操作。因此,请根据空间类型提出改进建议。

(尤其是在步骤2中,它设置了一个"SpatialPoints"将要提取值的点的网格,这在我看来总是很低级。)


这用于over()从为此目的构造"SpatialPolygonDataFrame""SpatialPoints"对象中包含的坐标处提取属性。

library(rgdal)

## (1) Read in an example shapefile
dsn <- system.file("vectors", package = "rgdal")[1]
scot_BNG <- readOGR(dsn=dsn, layer="scot_BNG")
scot_BNG <- scot_BNG[1:5,]  # Let's just use part of it

## (2) Set up a SpatialPoints object with the grid of points 
##     for which you want to extract values
res <- 10000            ## Distance between grid points (30 in OP's question) 
BB <- bbox(scot_BNG)
BB <- res*round(BB/res) ## Pretty up the bounding box
GT <- GridTopology(cellcentre.offset = BB[,1], 
                   cellsize = c(res, res),
                   cells.dim = (c(diff(BB[1,]), diff(BB[2,]))/res) + 1)
SP <- SpatialPoints(GT, proj4string = CRS(proj4string(scot_BNG)))

## (3) Extract the values
vals <- over(SP, scot_BNG)
res <- cbind(coordinates(SP), vals)

## Finally, have a look at a few of the points.
x <- res[!is.na(res$SP_ID),]
rbind(head(x,3), tail(x,3))[1:10]
#          x      y SP_ID       NAME ID_x COUNT   SMR  LONG  LAT    PY
# 4   230000 970000     0 Sutherland   12     5 279.3 58.06 4.64 37521
# 5   240000 970000     0 Sutherland   12     5 279.3 58.06 4.64 37521
# 25  220000 960000     0 Sutherland   12     5 279.3 58.06 4.64 37521
# 425 260000 780000     4   Bedenoch   17     2 186.9 57.06 4.09 27075
# 426 270000 780000     4   Bedenoch   17     2 186.9 57.06 4.09 27075
# 427 280000 780000     4   Bedenoch   17     2 186.9 57.06 4.09 27075
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